(and further down, Im going to make a strong case that Jesus didnt use the Septuagint). In addition, the canon of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church contains 81 volumes. How I want everything to stay that way Although this will take a lot of time to understand what is the essence and content of the Catholic faith . The Jews historically divided the Old Testament differently than Christians/Catholics do. 6059. Of course they would also be able to speak Greek because it was the trade language of the world in Jesus day. The Catholic Bible also contains additional passages in the books of Esther and Daniel. That lends a LOT of weight to their opinion of the deuterocanonical books. Surely this means that there is some alternative interpretation. The seven books included in Catholic Bibles are Tobit, Judith, 1 and 2 Maccabees, Wisdom, Sirach, and Baruch. NIV Bible has 39 books in the old testament and in the new testament it has 27 books. Brushing up on scripture 3 times daily prevents truth decay, and is mental floss for your brain. The differences of Masoretic vs Septuigint are troubling and 1st century Jewish corruption is suggested by early church writings (other websites) which I believe were raised based on the Jews hatred of OT prophecy that references the Messiah. These 7 books are Tobit, Judith, Baruch, Wisdom, Sirach, First Maccabees, and Second Maccabees, as well as additional verses of Daniel and Esther. I would warn you, as a fellow Christian, to take this to heart. Josephus makes the same argument I made earlier in the article. Its not hard to imagine the Apostles doing the same thing. Would Jesus have used a document that was created by men who were in the middle of disobeying the explicit commands of The Father? Bible Books & Letters: Determining how many books make up the Bible first of all depends on which version of the Bible you are reading or refering to. However, there was no infallible declaration of their being Scripture until the mid 15th century. Yehova knew that Greek would be the trade language. I would also like to point out this this quote is from a POPE from the 7th Century. After these there is the book of Psalms, then the Proverbs, next Ecclesiastes, and the Song of Songs. Infallible means free from the possibility of being wrong. What do you mean by that? Now, as to the issue of canon. Thats not surprising because the first time the Old Testament canon was officially recorded was the Council of Florence in 15th century. (and much of it is) None of that proves the deuterocanon belongs in the Bible. There is only one Church established by Christ and one Sacred Tradition. Therefore, they created a system of learning to train their kids and stuff them with Torah like an ox.. The list did include the Deuterocanon. The Catholic bible has 73 books, the Protestant only 66. By analogy, the Hebrew letter yd refers to the Greek letter, ita (the smallest letter in the Greek alphabet). Between the writing of Malachi in about 430 BC and the appearance of the John the Baptist, there were no prophets in Israel. Roman Catholic Bibles have 73 books rather than 66. These seven works are Tobit, Judith, the first and second Maccabees, Wisdom of Solomon, Sirach (or Wisdom of Jesus the Son of Sirach), and Baruch. Its also worth noting that none of the references or allusions to the Deuterocanon are proceeded by As it is written or a similar statement. They both contain the same 27 books. And the 7 books are indeed in that Bible. These works are referred to as the Deuterocanonicals. The term deuterocanonical books refers to this collection of scriptures. Thank you for the workmans work you do here with these articles.. lot of meat to chew on. IIRC, even combined they wouldve been a fairly small minority. In order to be scripture, it must be inspired by God. 3 Whoever honors his father atones for sins. Did the Spirit of Truth make a mistake when it let the Church believe the 7 documents were infallible when they were not? While Im always willing to admit Ive made a mistake, I can assure you there are no lies in the sense of I know the Truth but am saying something false on purpose. I sent you an email where Id be happy to continue discussing it. So this argument as to WHY the Apocrypha/Deuterocanonicals should NOT be included in the Bible is really pointless. So to the question as to why we should trust anything the early Church did; this is what the Bible says: Jesus said 1) He was going to build a single Church. So if you would like a copy, I would look for an RSV-CE. Alexandria was created by Alexander the Great in his names sake to be the capital of his empire, the Ptolemaic kingdom. If all scripture is God-breathed as 2 Timothy 3:16 says, then the deuterocanonical books couldnt be inspired by God because God stopped inspiring until the New Testament (starting with John the Baptizer). It also recounts some history of the text, and about the various versions that existed. Deuteronomy 17:15-16 (RSV-Catholic Edition). This doesnt meant he Catholics are wrong about those exact 7, but it does mean theres very little manuscript support for those exact 7. However, just like the Spanish speaking immigrants to America they would likely use their native tongue when speaking among themselves. 46 He got under the elephant, stabbed it from beneath, and killed it; but it fell to the ground upon him and there he died. Tobit Judith Wisdom (also called the Wisdom of Solomon) Sirach (also called Ecclesiasticus) Baruch 1 Maccabees It simply means Jews living outside of Israel. This site give a great look at how the Egyptian empire collapsed and was overtaken by the Persian empire, the fact is that they were on the verge of collapse before that point but by the time the Persian empire assumed control there were merely a province in a large empire under foreign control and it remained that way for centuries. This next quote is from The New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia published in 1907. Catholicbible101, 2008 - 2022 AD Catholic Bible. and comparisons with Jewish, Roman Catholic Bibles. One must not be ignorant, that there are twenty-two books of the covenant, as the Hebrews recon them; which is the number of letters in their alphabet. Everyone believes it was written in Alexandria and no one disputes this point. So the LORD will make himself known to the Egyptians, and in that day they will acknowledge the LORD. Or is it rather not more important that these parables teach important theological lessons than it is for them to be 100% historically accurate? Would the Pharisees have let the Septuagint be read in a synagogue since it was create by disobeying the explicit command of God? For I was not relating my own personal views, but rather the remarks that they [the Jews] are wont to make against us. Why trust them to come up with an accurate canon of scripture when you hate and distrust them so much? As a fairly unimportant side-note, these 7 books are called by both names. It makes sense historically and I have no reason to doubt the broad strokes. Further, I dont remember seeing any evidence that the Diaspora Jews accepted the additional books as scripture. The link points to the Decretum Gelasianum, which is so named because its thought to be the work of Pope Gelasius I, not Jerome. You can read the full text of the Council of Florence here, but Ive copy/pasted the relevant portion below. Another name for the Septuagint is the Alexandrian Canon. Nearly all of the Deuterocanonical books were written during the 400 silent years. To preserve the scriptures, it makes sense that He would hold them in a dry climate that would not be razed in 70 CE. But if you do noot acknowledge the contrary texts, that is a little disingenuous. 21st Century Catholic Apologetics for Mary's Spiritual Warriors, So what happened? Nonsense. Its the because of her we all die phrase thats patently wrong. Im serious, Ill still be here when you get back. I didnt mention Sola Scriptura in the article. Not exactly true. Unlike the Holy Quran which is from cover to cover the words of God, revealed through Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Some people object to these 7 books because they claim some of the early church fathers like St. Jerome didnt think they were divinely inspired. In other words, books of fiction that relate Biblical truths can be divinely inspired. Simply backing up two verses will provide enough context to disprove of your point. In 405 AD, Pope Innocent I wrote a letter to the Bishop of Toulouse reaffirming this canon of 73 books. However, 14 books were voted for removal in 1684. The Septuagint was not translated until the 2nd and 1st century BC in alexandria. Consider 1 Cor 11:19. Because God inspired them! Consider how zealous the Pharisees were on even the tiniest portions of the Law. However, in the two passages I quoted this clearly isnt the case. As weve already seen, the Council of Florence was the first time the Canon of Scripture was officially listed in an ecumenical council. The Longer Ending of Mark (16:9-20); Was it Original or Added. Regardless, the point is the Jesus here is referring to Hebrew marks, not Greek. 14 When you come to the land which the Lord your God gives you, and you possess it and dwell in it, and then say, I will set a king over me, like all the nations that are round about me; 15 you may indeed set as king over you him whom the Lord your God will choose. Twenty-two sounds like a petite number compared to the 46 Old Testament books in our current Catholic Bible. 2) He said the gates of hell would not prevail against it. Yet through the testimony of Josephus, youve only focused in on a particular sect, and at the exclusion of others others which held a different canon from the Pharisaical, Rabbinic, or medieval and modern Judaism. (The Essenes differed from both) That is why the Sadducees did not believe in the resurrection, whilst the Pharisees did. This is absolutely, 100% false. They are His divine revelation. (as Maccabees makes quite clear.). It will be a sign and witness to the LORD Almighty in the land of Egypt. How can a book be inspired by God when the book itself claims that the Holy Spirit didnt inspire anyone during the time it was written? Well, Martin Luther didnt like 7 books of the Old Testament that disagreed with his personal view of theology, so he threw them out of his bible in the 16. During which time it was under control of the Greek empire of King Seleucus, and eventually taken by the roman empire in 31BC. they continued studying and memorizing the, since the saints of both testaments spoke under the inspiration of the same Spirit, For almsgiving delivers from death, and it will purge away every sin, without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness of sins, because of the failure of the exact succession of the prophets, They will go to and fro to seek the word of the L, Most of the deuterocanonical books including Maccabees where written between Artaxerxes and Christ, they were entrusted with the oracles of God, It included Mordechai and the last of the prophets, Among the accomplishments of the Anshei Knesset HaGedolah were finalizing the contents of the Tanach,, God Himself weighed in through His prophets, that there are twenty-two books of the covenant, The Law of the Old Testament is considered as divided into twenty-two books, There are, then, of the Old Testament, twenty-two books in number, And so twenty-two books make up the old law, the church reads Judith, Tobit, and the books of Maccabees, but, but does not receive them in the canonical scriptures, But it should be known that there are also other books which our fathers call, Book of Tobit, and the Book of Judith, and the Books of the Maccabees. For instance, was there really a rich man who died and went to hell, and then saw his poor servant in the bosom of Abraham? Starting at age six, they were taught to read and write Hebrew so they could study the Torah (The first five books of the Old Testament). Im not sure why the Catholic Church accepts those specific seven and not the others. Seems about too complicated even for a strong born again believer to understand. These comprise the books of the Old Testament. Therefore, 73 books sure sounds a lot better than 66 books! To pray to Mary is to remember the main truths of our faith (the Incarnation and Redemption through Christ in the Rosary), to praise God for the amazing things he has done in and through one of his creations (Hail Mary), and to ask Mary to intercede on our behalf (second half of the Hail Mary). Therefore the Jews didnt consider them part of the accepted canon of the time. And here is a timeline map you can scroll through empires. I am merely saying the canon of the Old Testament was very much a matter of debate. By this standard then, Ecclesiastes and Ezra arent canonical either. I hope they make sense. How come the King James Bible only has 66 books? All materials are posted on the site strictly for informational and educational purposes! However, The three earliest Greek manuscripts dont contain those exact 7. It looks to me like its saying the birth of a daughter is equivalent to having an undisciplined son, still denigrating the daughters birth. Other Christian canons include a different number of books. I AM Professor Ricardo Booysen ( Dr.) Rev, i request a copy of that bible with 73 bboks, Should it be payable i humbly request that you forward me your invoice and if postal cost to Ill edit this comment and add a link to the article after I publish it. Apocrypha. This goes double because of the high regard in which they held the scriptures. There is another division which existed in Jesus day and for many centuries afterward. 24 From a woman sin had its beginning, and because of her we all die. Why did you omit this? 16 then the sword which you fear shall overtake you there in the land of Egypt; and the famine of which you are afraid shall follow hard after you to Egypt; and there you shall die. Thus Eleazar in the battle smote and brought down an elephant, but fell under the very beast that he killed. You cannot therefore simply say, The Jews, for the variation of authoritative books was equal to the variation of first century Jewish thought. In its origins and its formulation, in the truths it contains, in its careful preservation over the centuries and in the prayerful study and elucidation of its mysteries, Scripture is inseparable from Catholicism. Seleucus established himself in Babylon in 312 BC, the year used as the foundation date of the Seleucid Empire. And by whose authority? The apostacy of the Jews prior to 70 CE, and their demonic possession, makes the Hebrew scripture corruption likely (esp prophetic portions) as part of the the outcome after Jesus death, and indeed this is an argument in using them as there was not evidence of the corruption of the Septuigint canonical books, only snobbery. Any Protestant denomination who does not understand that they are in fact relying on their own tradition to interpret scripture, according to their own particular doctrine, is simply lying to themselves. The first bible ever printed was the Gutenberg Bible, in the century BEFORE Luther started his Reformation. 18 Vitarastreet The Church used the 73 Book canon from 382 AD until 1520. These books were included in all the Bibles of the Reformers, including the KJV and the Geneva Bible of 1560, which the Pilgrims took with them to the New World. In the centuries that followed, Judaism developed to hold the canon from only one of many sects the only sect to have survived the Jewish wars the sect to have become the dominant form of Judaism when all others no longer remained to contribute to the discussion. There are 1,189 chapters within the 66 books that make up the modern Bible. The Protestant Bibles have 66 books, 7 less than the Catholic Bibles. Its my thorn in the flesh. Its disingenuous to treat them a homogeneous group. Protestants only have 66. But definitely written by human beings. While its great that all of a sudden so many non-Catholics start quoting the early Church Fathers, its not right to quote them on this and then not on the Eucharist, the papacy, or the supremacy of Rome, all which prove that the Catholic Church was the only Church around in those days. Following these there is Joshua, the son of Nun, then Judges, then Ruth. The Jewish Council of Jamnia was a meeting of the remaining Jews from Palestine who survived the Roman persecution of Jerusalem in 70 AD. Very interesting and very well put together! What Does Synod Mean In The Catholic Church? Within the ancient world, the Egyptians were viewed as the most craven pagans, as they worshipped animals. I did mention there was some evidence that Jerome changed his mind. The New Testament of the Catholic Bible contains 27 books. The same argument from above applies here. And I dont see any other church in history declaring anything different than the 73 book canon. 24 I know little so my thoughts may be wrong yet they trouble me. Most importantly, do they belong in the Bible? What is the longest chapter in the Bible? 23 However, the fact that he HAD to change his mind means that the canon of scripture certainly wasnt fixed in the minds of the church in Jeromes time. The bible consists of 73 books in the old testament and 27 books belonging to the new testament. Skip to main content Menu: Top Buttons. Questions may be sent to Father Kenneth Doyle . We dont know where Jeremiah died, though its true that theres a Jewish tradition that he died in Egypt. Since we can reliably date nearly all of the deuterocanonical books to the 400 silent years, they are also disqualified from being God breathed because God didnt do any breathing (inspiration) during that period. How many verses are in the Bible? 4) He said that He was going to send the Spirit of Truth to guide the Church in all truth. Besides, the Deuterocanon were considered good books and worthy of reading just not scripture. Which Septuagint? So theres no help from the extant copies of the Bible to support those exact 7. The books had to conform to the Pentateuch (the first 5 books of the Bible- Genesis,Exodus, Leviticus,Numbers,andDeuteronomy); 2. And since they were entrusted with the oracles of God. However, they were highly regarded books. Later Councils at Hippo (393 AD) and Carthage (397 AD) ratified this list of 73 books. 520 B.C.E. Thus, they exist. No. One of them will be called the City of Destruction. He said he would send the Spirit of Truth to guide it in all things. This is not evidence of anything by itself. These books are called the deuterocanon, or second canon, by Catholics, and the apocrypha, or hidden/obscure, by Protestants (Christians who protest against the Catholic Church). Anybody who reads the book of Wisdom 2: 12-20 would immediately recognize that this is a direct reference to the Jews who were plotting against Jesus in Matthew 27:41-43: Matthew 27: 41-43: So also the chief priests, with the scribes and elders, mocked him, saying,"He saved others; he cannot save himself. We ask, If all things have a creator, then who created God? Actually, only created things have a creator, so its improper to lump God with his creation. AKA, the Scriptures. (identical to the Protestant Old Testament.). Lets say everything in your comment is 100% accurate. Jerome also said: As then the church reads Judith, Tobit, and the books of Maccabees, but does not admit them among the canonical Scriptures, so let it read these two volumes for the edification of the people, not to give authority to doctrines of the church., (Jerome, Preface to the Books of Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and the Song of Songs). In the Old Testament there are 39 books and in the New Testament there are 27. The Roman Catholic New American Bible (also called the "St. Joseph's Bible" is very similar, almost identical in New Testament text to many Protestant Bibles NIV (1973, 1978) and TNIV (the 2002 . Or look for NathanH83 on Youtube. The authors of four Biblical books three of which were prophets attended the council that decided once and for all the Hebrew Bible (Tanach). If anyone takes away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God will take away that person's share in the tree of life and in the holy city, which are described in this book. Therefore not Hebrew so His NT quotes are a translation. Its well worth reading and wont take long so I highly suggest you read it. These bishops convene in order to provide assistance to the Holy Father in addressing the requirements of the Church. To the same class belong the Book of Tobit, and the Book of Judith, and the Books of the Maccabees. The final level was the Bet Talmud, which was the longest in duration as it went from the age of 15 to 30. Biblical Studies Foundation has received so many questions concerning the number of books in the Bible that we are delighted to have been given permission to use chapter 8 in Erwin Lutzer's book, The Doctrines That Divide: A Fresh Look at the Historic Doctrines That Separate Christians (Kregel Publications: Grand Rapids, 1998). The 1st Century Jewish historian Josephus touches on which books belong in the Bible according to the Jews. $2449. Apocrypha means hidden and deuterocanonical mean second canon. The first time the books of the Old Testament were formally defined by the Catholic Church in an ecumenical Council was at the Council of Florence in the mid 15th century. Such a major decision should have required a full Ecumenical Council of the Bishops. Further, the diaspora Jews would include virtually ever single jew in the entire world after the Romans crushed Israel in the late 1st century, by definition. They had a real divine right to say just WHICH books Christians included in their Bible. Then Isaiah, one book, then Jeremiah with Baruch, Lamentations, and the epistle, one book; afterwards, Ezekiel and Daniel, each one book. So much pride and anger in this article! The Council of Trent, in 1546, in response to the Reformation removing 7 books from the canon (canon is a Greek word meaning standard), reaffirmed the original St. Athanasius list of 73 books. The Great Adventure: Bible Indexing Tabs (2017) $695. We believe it is the divinely-inspired Word of God, but there is no list in Scripture itself telling us directly . However, if youre going to listen to Jewish tradition, maybe start with which books of the Bible are canon . It is a revised version of the Christian Bible produced by Martin Luther and the protestants. Like writers today, the Bible authors alluded to popular works of the day to make a point. Gregaroys allusion is to 1 Maccabees 6:46. What are the 66 books of the Bible called? Some Protestants think that it was the Catholic Church that "added" to the Bible, and that the seven books they don't accept are "apocryphal." Thanks again for putting this information together! Remember, there is a reason why the Israelites needed 40 years in the desert, and were continually demanding meat of Moses. Many people who live in America came from Mexico and thus speak Spanish as a first language. The Hebrew Bible never contained these writings. fyi (a little editing note) after your mention of the article on the process of copying the OT, you typed it twice in your humorous nudge. As weve just seen, Jesus and the Apostles quoted non-canon books all the time. In the Christian church, a [], The Latin Vulgate Bible is the only version of the Bible that a Catholic is expected to correctly utilize. http://www.ancient-egypt-online.com/fall-of-ancient-egypt.html. Lets dive in and see why Catholics include them and Protestants exclude them. Frequent question: Where is seek God early in the morning in the Bible. For its necessary for there to be factions among you so the genuine ones among you might become evident. The Sadducees only believed in the first 5 books of the Bible written by Moses (the Pentateuch), while the Pharisees believed in 34 other books of the Old Testament as well. Catholic Bible includes the Apocrypha. The majority of Protestant Bibles have 66 books, 39 of which are located in the Old Testament, and 27 of which are located in the New Testament. When the translators arrive back in Alexandria, they were greeted with 7 days of feasting. Further, if you understand how highly the Jewish people revered the scriptures, youd see that them using a Greek translation is HIGHLY unlikely. There would be no need for this if one of them was binding for the whole church. 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