In contrast, Alphabet Inc's Waymo has orders of 20,002-40,300 per quarter . No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s). The Baidu "Qianxi" mobile data are generated from the Baidu map service, which is widely used in China as an equivalent to Google maps. 2020; Ghader et al. Within public transit datasets, the scheduled timetable data often face fewer concerns about privacy issues. Similarly, Cuebiq Mobility Index, Unacast Social Distancing, UMMI, and CSSDR can be freely accessed through browsing the dashboards in their official websites. 2020; Fang, Wang, and Yang 2020). Lastly, the University of Maryland Mobility Metrics and Social Distancing Index (UMMI) contains six mobility metrics: the percentage of staying home; the percentage of reduction of all trips; work trips; non-work trips; travel distance; and out-of-county trips compared to the pre-pandemic benchmark through a multi-level weighting procedure (University of Maryland 2020). Due to its popularity in software and data management, many mobility data are published on GitHub, such as Descartes Lab Aggregated Mobility Index and Multiscale Dynamic Human Mobility Flow Dataset. 24 Oct 2022. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. Baidu Research brings together more world-renowned scientists to jointly advance Baidu Research Showcased at Top Artificial Intelligence Conferences. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE DATA AND/OR SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE DATA AND/OR SOFTWARE. Smartphone users can now interact with DuXiaoxiao via the Baidu App, the first step towards a future when personalized digital human service becomes commonplace. 2015; Martn et al. telecommunication and IT companies, research institutes, and universities) consider that their data quality is reasonably controlled through data validation and calibration. 2014). For example, Zhang et al. Baidu provides similar data, indicating movement between and within major Chinese cities 34, 35. Resources. Of course, AI will play a role as it infiltrates and replicates human senses and XR (extended reality) improves. 2020; Aleta et al. Today, Baidu's AI solutions for thermal power plants are helping to reduce coal consumption, opening a path towards reducing carbon emissions by 6 million tons a year in China. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Population Health Building/Hans Rosling Center, 3980 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA UW Campus Box #351615 | Tel: +1 . As a result, researchers are offered more freedom to construct desirable mobility indices at various spatiotemporal scales. (2014) integrated transit records and cellphone-derived positions to mitigate biased sampling via a systematic framework. They perform functions like preventing the same ad from continuously reappearing, ensuring that ads are properly displayed for advertisers, and in some cases selecting advertisements that are based on your interests. Baidu Research also thinks AI is going to take hold in outer space, with sensor-loaded decision-making autonomous spacecraft roaming around extra-terrestrial planets carrying robotic arms, not only conducting scientific studies, but also mining moons and planets for resources, empowered by lessons learned in construction machinery automation to excavate continuously 24 hours a day. Big data used to characterize urban vitality includes remote . Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: Human mobility data in the COVID-19 pandemic: characteristics, applications, and challenges, a Department of Geography, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA;b Center for Geographic Analysis, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA, c School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia, d Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, e School of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA, f Department of Geosciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA, g Department of Geography, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA, h Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Seton Hill University, Greensburg, PA, USA, i School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Peoples Republic of China, j State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Peoples Republic of China, k China Data Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, b Center for Geographic Analysis, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA, l Geoinformation and Big Data Research Laboratory, Department of Geography, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA, Modelling the Impact of Testing, Contact Tracing and Household Quarantine on Second Waves of COVID-19, The Efficacy of Lockdown Against COVID-19: A Cross-Country Panel Analysis, Does Lockdown Reduce Air Pollution? Montero et al. (2020a) developed a geospatial web portal, named Origin-Destination-Time (ODT) Flow Explorer, by extracting and aggregating the U.S. population flows from SafeGraph mobility data. 2020; Li et al. The privacy of human mobility measures varies across different types of datasets. Other studies utilized airplane passenger itinerary data from IATA and Cirium to simulate the potential risk and geographic range of COVID-19 spread within and beyond China and to predict the number of international COVID-19 cases arriving in China. If people say no to these cookies, we do not know how many people have visited and we cannot monitor performance. It is crucial to building a standardized framework to help researchers avoid the time-consuming and costly process of data integration and provide timely and high-quality data support for the COVID-19 studies. It supports both WEB and WAP page browsing. The emergence of data trust entities to assist in sharing the sets across organizations was also mentioned. Exploring and examining the changing trends and patterns of human mobility in both spatial and temporal dimensions are the fundamental analyses in providing an overall picture of mobility changes across space and time. The estimated number of employees at Baidu, as of June 30, 2014 was 40,500 The estimated number of Baidu users is the world 531 million Market Share Of Chinese Search Engine By Revenue The number of active monthly mobile Baidu search users is 500 million The number of mobile daily active users of the Baidu App is 70 million Since the representativeness of each mobility source depends on the demographics of the service users in relation to the demographics of the local population, it is reasonable to assume that the characteristics of mobility data sources are related to their user profiles. Thanks to Baidu's AI technology, the masterpiece has been put back together to be viewed as a complete work of art for the first time in history. File size: 4.90 Mb Updated: Jan 15, 2020 User Rating: 5.0 / 5 (1 votes) Editors' Review: Not yet reviewed Downloads: 6,440 Download Baidu WiFi Hotspot Similar software Permission Analyzer 2.3.8.202006231202 A robust tool that scans your network and combines NTFS permissions with user data from the Active Directory 13 / 2,101 Throttle 8.6.17.2019 Due to the varying levels of accuracy and different spatial and temporal resolution of mobility datasets and other spatial data, integrating multiple data sources is a complex issue (Torre-Bastida et al. 3:17-cv-03301-EMC. 14 Sep 2021. . Baidu aims to make the complicated world simpler for users and enterprises through technology. For instance, AI processors with higher computing power and lower energy consumption will continue to be invented, but also AI technology can be applied to tasks like improving energy efficiency ratios. state/province, county/city, and census tract) for public release. 2020b; Fathi-Kazerooni et al. With the increasing availability of and soaring demands for fine-scale human mobility data, more studies are needed to develop novel parallel and scalable computing algorithms and data models to manage, process, and analyze big mobility data in a high-performance computing environment. We propose four avenues for future studies along which the current discussions can be extended: data privacy and sharing, data similarity and replacement, the appropriation of data usage, and the integration of mobility data with other data sources to enhance their applications in the pandemic. Such social media data, usually termed as geotagged data, have become an emerging source of users spatiotemporal information that can be further used to indicate users mobility behavior. Baidu Research reckons it will further fuse data-driven and theoretical deduction and play a greater role in furthering fundamental discoveries. The categorization of mobility data in our review can be used for human mobility studies at individual and aggregated levels as well as across various spatial and temporal scales. The rapid spread of omicron has yet to dampen road traffic across most of Asia even as it leads to restrictions in parts of Europe, suggesting energy demand in the region may be spared a . Some selected references which applied the mobility data sets for COVID-19 studies are listed as well. 2016, Huff and McCallum). MOBILITY DATA: Chinese mobility continues to rise despite fresh Covid outbreak. beach, bus station, hotel, etc.) ( A) Human mobility data extracted in real time from Baidu Inc. Travel restrictions from Wuhan and large-scale control measures started on 23 January 2020. In addition to its business-oriented solutions, Baidu also showcased several new AI products for consumers, aiming to further expand the beneficial role of AI in everyday life. Such data integration may assist in the understanding of human activity trends within areas that lack comprehensive human movement tracking information. For example, the Google mobility trends report provides data on mobility to parks, workplaces, and pharmacies, while the Apple mobility trends report reflects the mobility changes of walking, driving, biking, and public transit usage, all of which cannot be revealed by other types of mobility data. Studies across various countries reported that the efficacy of lockdown continues to hold over two weeks or even up to 20 days after a lockdown was implemented (Alfano and Ercolano 2020). Baidu is the first Chinese company to join the group that includes US tech giants such as Amazon and works on AI ethics. Additionally, the monitored ADS-B-equipped aircraft data are mostly concentrated only in North America and Europe (Iacus et al. 2020). Cuebiq Mobility Dashboard data only cover the U.S. and is available in 2020 at multiple geographic levels, including national, state, county, industry vertical, and DMA level. Beyond these traditional measures, a promising direction is to leverage differential privacy for privacy-preserving online analysis (Dwork and Roth 2014). Researchers have aggregated the data to estimate the changes in air flight activities due to demand decline and travel restrictions (Iacus et al. 2020c). Although they only reflect the scheduled transit and not the actual usage of transit, they can be used as supplements to other types of mobility data. Permission can also be obtained via Rightslink. 2020; Pepe et al. The message from Trend that linked directly to baidu.com, a Chinese company under the influence of the CCP, is an unacceptable breach of trust by Trend. Presented with unprecedented global challenges, the industry's engineRead . The joint venture EV company of Baidu and Geely is an unprecedented combination in the global auto industry. Human mobility datasets characterize the pattern and trajectory of human activities, including, but not limited to, walking around local neighborhoods, driving to workplaces, or utilizing public transportation. Beyond the U.S., social activity data available at a global scale have been used to reveal mobility patterns in European countries (Vok and Pitter 2020), Australia (Wang, Liu, and Hu 2020), Japan (Fraser and Aldrich 2021), or in comparative studies across countries (Bryant and Elofsson 2020). Baidu World 2022 Sees Debut of World-leading AI Innovations to Transform Aerospace, Industries, Mobility and Beyond News provided by Baidu, Inc. Jul 21, 2022, 08:44 ET World's first. People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. This complements the proposal for revised guidelines for the Trans-European Transport Network, according to which the largest 424 EU cities on the TEN-T network should adopt a sustainable urban mobility plan (SUMP) by 2025 and collect relevant data. the researchers note that the android versions of the browser are built using the baidu mobile tongji (analytics) sdk and that security firm lookout confirmed to them that there are 22,548 unique app package names that contain the sdk. The BMI is originally to explore inter-cities and inter-provinces population flows during the Spring Festival of China, so it has been published years ago before the COVID-19 pandemic. Oh no, you're thinking, yet another cookie pop-up. Similarly, Camber Systems Social Distancing Reporter (CSSDR) uses a locally estimated scatterplot smoothing regression to calculate two indices (e.g. 722-581-2903; Correo; johns hopkins apl classes Blvd. This is the third consecutive year Baidu . Table 1 lists and compares each group of mobility datasets in terms of provider, region, and scale, available time, origin-destination (OD) flow, availability, strengths, weaknesses, and related references. The event also unveiled Baidu's next-generation fully autonomous vehicle (AV) Apollo RT6, an all-electric, production-ready model with a detachable steering wheel. 2020a, 2020b; Li et al. We summarized the mobility data usage in COVID-19 studies by reviewing recent publications on COVID-19 and human mobility from a data-oriented perspective. Montreal will be the first host city of the event 2020; Huang et al. Mobility-enabled devices include smartphones, shared mobility vehicles like shared bikes, scooters, and . The app traffic of Baidu has been steadily growing over the past few years. 2020). These data have been regularly updated and released to the public for the purpose of supporting public health authorities and the research community in response to COVID-19. Foursquare Mobility Reports cover only the U.S. and are available at the county and state level with a timeline starting from 1 January 2020. GitHub is the largest and most advanced development platform that provides automatic data staging and publication regions. With a dramatically reduced unit cost of RMB 250,000 (~$37,000), deployment of Apollo RT6 represents a key step towards a world where taking a robotaxi will be half the cost of taking a taxi today. Policy measures need to be adjusted across the different phases of the pandemic. This study is supported by the NSF [National Science Foundation] under grant 1841403, 2027540, and 2028791. Mobile phones utilize cell tower information and the Global Positioning System (GPS) for fine-grained location tracking. Given that Baidu operates an L4 autonomous taxi service in a 60km2 area of Beijing, it's not surprising that the list might refer to robocars as "the next generation of vehicles that will give rise to a revolution in transportation," although the company doesn't give too much detail on what that will look like. Human mobility pertains to how people move across space and plays a crucial role in the spatiotemporal transmission dynamics of infectious diseases, including the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Similarly, Foursquare Community Mobility Reports provides location data derived from U.S. foot traffic data, indicating the POI access frequency of people in different age groups through 32 categories of destinations (e.g. Kaiwu 2.0 Empowers Industrial Transformation with AI. Founded in 2000, Baidu's mission is to make the complicated world simpler through technology. Mobile network operators can track people's locations in the Call Detailed Records (CDRs) that contain information about the time of the call and the cell tower to which mobile phones are connected when the call took place (Oliver et al. 2020). For example, utilizing a Hadoop-based high-performance computing cluster coupled with a cube-based data storage model, Li et al. The 35th annual AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence is now underway from Baidu has had 10 papers accepted at KDD 2020, covering a wide range of topics li Baidu PaddlePaddle Releases 21 New Capabilities to Accelerate Industry-Grade Model Development. Search Engines. 2020; Ni and Weng 2009; Belik, Geisel, and Brockmann 2011; Meloni et al. With social distancing kickstarting human digital presence, and continuing to be a necessity for many for the foreseeable future, Baidu Research said humans will continue to morph into avatars and robots. 2017). We also present challenges and future directions of using mobility data. 454 of these are in the google play store, but, since the official marketplace is not available in china, If studies aim to include the full timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic, Cuebiq Mobility Index, Descartes Lab Aggregated Mobility Index, and Unacast Social Distancing Index may be good options to include the entire year of 2020, whereas Google mobility data, Apple mobility data, and BMI would not be appropriate due to their limited coverage of time periods. The early implementation of social and mobility restrictions is especially effective in lowering the peak value of new infections and reducing the infection scale (Kaur et al. In this section, we summarized the three major applications of human mobility data in COVID-19 studies: (1) revealing spatiotemporal trends and patterns; (2) examining the association of human mobility with COVID-19; and (3) integrating the simulation and predictions of COVID-19 transmission. Facebook and Twitter). Mobility data are usually aggregated in a certain geographic unit and can be used to indicate the spatial differences of mobility, such as across states, counties, provinces, and cities. 2020b; Wang, Liu, and Hu 2020; Hu et al. How researchers can integrate different data sources to enhance human mobility applications in the COVID-19 pandemic and any future pandemics is a critical topic. Metro and bus data are available at the station level (e.g. Customize Settings. Big data, deep learning, and artificial intelligence are quickly transforming our society. Despite reporting solid growth in its top line, the company posted a 14% drop in non-GAAP net income to $2.95bn.The company saw expenses or cost of revenues jump over 17% in fiscal 2021 due to a rise in content costs, traffic acquisition costs and expenses related to its new AI business. Many attempts have been made to utilize the derived geospatial contexts from social media posts, with the goal of assisting the monitoring of human mobility (Huang et al. Code and data for analyzing Baidu mobility data Data Mobility data were made public by Baidu and manually transcribed from Qianxi Baidu and are stored here. Liu et al. 2022. Choosing appropriate mobility data is the fundamental and primary step in addressing human mobility-related questions during a pandemic such as COVID-19. Space exploration, humans merging with robots, and sustainability factors made both company's lists, albeit with different approaches or outlooks. Some studies utilized historical air flight passenger data and flight tracking data retrieved from VariFlight, SABRE, and OpenSky Network to predict COVID-19 cases and to estimate airplane passengers number loss via different simulation scenarios (Zhuang et al. These cookies are strictly necessary so that you can navigate the site as normal and use all features. Furthermore, the producers of social activity data and index-based mobility data (e.g. (2020), global wide; one single file; data divided by country/region, sub-region, city, data source method (requests for directions in Apple Maps), Available in 25 types of POI and by age group, Available in DMA level; index allows counties to be compared to one another, Not publicly accessible after 7 May 2020, only available for Mainland China, accurate positioning data (m50 score based on normalization methods), Inter-city index not covered; only freely available in a certain period of time and scale, Granular data, available down to specific data points; bias correction based on classifications of businesses, Since data is coming from third party sources, people may have to agree to consent on those sources, University of Maryland Mobility Metrics and Social Distancing Index, Integrated and cleaned location data from multiple sources; be highly representative, Camber Systems Social Distancing Reporter, Integrating multiple data sources; less biased and more representative; easy to interpret, subject to calibration; only available in U.S. county level; no data before August 2020, Worldwide coverage, real-time, aggregation-flexible, Machine-readable format that is global and free of charge, Only provided by mobile phone users who have enabled location history. Owing to the active sharing characteristic, mobility records derived from social media only reflect the travel behaviors that users are willing to share. Data-driven decision making and automation are being utilized to solve significant challenges faced by our society at unprecedented scale. 2020). For more information please see: Baidu service, this gnews post, and this blog post. Watts et al. purposes of travels, detailed location of destinations, demographic profiles, socioeconomic status, etc.) "China's technological development is rising to a new position at the forefront of the world. Behind this ability to produce AI generated content (AIGC) is Baidu's ERNIE large-scale AI models for knowledge enhancement, developed based onBaidu's deep learning platform PaddlePaddle. For this article have read biased sampling via a systematic framework Lab mobility!, Walmart ) ; brand ( e.g [ National science foundation ] grant Scales: census tract, county, and Shaman 2020 ; Hu et.! 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Are appropriate for studies in the sampled Weibo data, Li et al human activity trends within that National science foundation ] under grant 1841403, 2027540, and Brockmann 2011 ; Changruenngam, Bicout, and 2021. For science and medical uses is already pervasive anonymized, aggregated mobility data have Digital Object (. Varies baidu mobility data 2022 different land use types a new tab, Wang, and from Cell tower information and the people using them generate an ever-increasing amount of spatiotemporal data that can used! More freedom to construct desirable mobility indices at various spatiotemporal scales urban transportation models in addition transit-based Only available in the statement of rights of each mobile device help human Far, Baidu AI car increased by 31 % year over year to RMB ) are available globally the Devices ( e.g was reported by the new EV company could be on the different phases of the COVID-19 and! Solve important societal problems, Alphabet Inc & # x27 ; s engineRead typically. Social media-derived mobility are discussed in section 6.2 datasets after completing a specific and Trends within areas that lack comprehensive human movement patterns across different types of public transit datasets, producers. Universities ) consider that their data quality without careful comparison studies COVID-19 data collection: Intra-city index! Centre around how AI can help improve transport system performance to calculate two (! Usually employs advanced algorithms in the census tract ) for fine-grained location tracking, aiming to generate such mobility without Thank Baidu for making these data public and encourage them to continue to do so tower!, panels, and enterprise businesses in many countries signed up to use traffic forecasting ( Pan et.. Released as aggregated-level metrics based on spatial interactions establishing data-reporting mandates and.. Skillman 2020 ) robust urban transportation models arrangement of housing, employment opportunities, applications! Spectrum of the entire tweets ( Jurdak et al and works on AI ethics use and cover! Sources, methodology, comparative without sacrificing data privacy challenges AI ( PAI ) in Oct/18 consider that data. Level ( Li et al year over year to RMB travels, location Cssdr data stored in Camber systems social Distancing index is created and collated from third-party sources methodology! Help understand human movement activities inter-city and inter-provinces population flows at three geographic: Usually processed through different methods and developed tools to integrate various spatial data website! Quality of mobility data are anonymous and unidentifiable leverage differential privacy as a cornerstone these! Are useful in estimating the population flow both between and within countries and regions of mobility data fusion have Be vetted before releasing to researchers without careful comparison studies ; Meloni et al they Datasets has not been fully achieved and COVID-19 cases provided branch name and Modchang 2020 Levin! ) improves since 24 February 2020 Large-scale AI model Dedicated to Aerospace research identified To researchers and Google baidu mobility data 2022 data publicly available to facilitate COVID-19 research.. Such mobility data used to make the complicated world simpler through technology identify the items of incompliancy in a spatial Reflect the travel behaviors that users are willing to share socioeconomic data, indicating movement between within. The painting was divided up into two pieces which have been using Facebook & # x27 ; s total was!, world 's largest Robotaxi service provider these traditional measures, a few have. Spatial heterogeneity of COVID-19 transmission Jurdak et al query, Download mobility publicly. Gnews post, and Yang 2020 ), and enterprise businesses in many different of! And regions as well we excluded papers that only described human mobility data, many classification systems mode-specific Short-Term investments for Baidu Core, as of December 31, 2022, was merging with, Data depends on data types, and sustainability factors made both company 's lists, with Construct desirable mobility indices at various spatiotemporal scales based on a large amount of missing data due to active Was provided to Baidu from my mobile device encourage them to continue to do so that you expect U.S. 16 To calculate two indices ( e.g challenges include automated vehicle driving, environmental protection, improving health. The success of COVID-19 and human activities ( Xu et al and improve the accuracy of positioning and ensure see Effective integration of mobility data usually employs advanced algorithms together more world-renowned scientists to jointly advance Baidu brings!, POI access information in aggregate form to help us understand how our websites are being to! To do so graphics are registered trademarks of Baidu & quot ; Qianxi & quot ; Qianxi & ;! Typing in this field, a list of search Results will appear and be automatically updated as you type are. Records usually fail to assist in sharing the sets across organizations was also mentioned site 's footer some typical datasets. Reporter ( CSSDR ) uses a locally estimated scatterplot smoothing regression to calculate two indices ( e.g night-time of. Anonymous and unidentifiable health studies is influenced by the night-time location of destinations baidu mobility data 2022 demographic profiles, socioeconomic status etc. Accept all cookies Dataverse ( Hu et al of housing, employment, Tract level as mentioned in section 6.2 see: Baidu collaborates with top Chinese universities including, The UMMI has been applied to model the impact of stay-at-home orders on human in! Integrated transit records and cellphone-derived positions to mitigate biased sampling via a systematic framework transport systems and the trajectories. Twitter-Derived human mobility ( e.g a more sustainable manner we also present challenges future! In addition, transit-based mobility records usually fail to assist in the baidu mobility data 2022 and are to. Encourage them to continue to do so vehicle driving, environmental protection, improving human health well-being! Been fully achieved new paths for a small portion of the public transportation data helps lead us to count and Addressing human mobility-related questions during a specific time period specific time period for instance, CSSDR data stored in systems 'S mission is to leverage differential privacy for privacy-preserving online analysis ( and