[17][18][19], The Shulaveri-Shomu culture of the central Transcaucasus region is one of the earliest known prehistoric cultures in the area, carbon-dated to roughly 60004000 BC. In the first half of the 11th century, under Basil II and his successors, most of Armenia came under direct Byzantine control, which lasted until the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, when all Armenia fell to the Seljuks. The Map of Roman Empire Legio Prima (I) Armeniaca - Armenian First Legion Symbol of Prima Armeniaca "Legio Armeniaca" translated from Latin as "Armenian Legion" and "prima" as "first". [10][11][8][12], Cisalpine Gaul (in northern Italy) was occupied by Rome in the 220s BC and became considered geographically and de facto part of Roman Italy,[13] but remained politically and de jure separated. Roman Province of Armenia occupied some parts of todays Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran and Turkey. "Peter Semneby: EU tries to create trust between Karabakh and Azerbaijan" More than 4 bln dollars were stollen by his clan in Armenia, YERKIR.am, 21 February 2007. In 1988, the Spitak earthquake killed tens of thousands of people and destroyed multiple towns in northern Armenia, such as Leninakan (modern-day Gyumri) and Spitak. Following the Armenian victory in the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, both Azerbaijan and Turkey closed their borders and imposed a blockade which they retain to this day, severely affecting the economy of the fledgling republic. Under Ashurbanipal (669627 BC) the boundaries of the Assyrian Empire reached as far as Armenia and the Caucasus Mountains. [111] Independence was confirmed by referendum on 21 September 1991. The harsh situation caused by the earthquake and subsequent events made many residents of Armenia leave and settle in North America, Western Europe and Australia. His successor, Hadrian, reinstalled the Arsacid Dynasty when he nominated Parthamaspates as "vassal" king of Armenia in 118 AD. Provinces of Armenia Aragatsotn Ashtarak The population of 2011 is 132,925. [1] A later exception was the province of Egypt, which was incorporated by Augustus after the death of Cleopatra and was ruled by a governor of only equestrian rank, perhaps as a discouragement to senatorial ambition. [121][122], Ter-Petrosyan officially announced his candidacy in the 2008 presidential election in a speech in Yerevan on 26 October 2007. Throughout most of its history during this period, under the reign of the Arsacid Dynasty, the Armenian nobility was divided among Roman-loyalists, Parthian-loyalists, and neutrals. In September 1917, the convention in Tiflis elected the Armenian National Council, the first sovereign political body of Armenians since the collapse of Lesser Armenia in 1375. As a Roman province Armenia was administered along with Cappadocia by Catilius Severus of the gens Claudia. In 118, Hadrian gave Armenia up, and installed Parthamaspates as its king. [2][3], The Latin term provincia had an equivalent in eastern, Greek-speaking parts of the Greco-Roman world. While Armenia Minor had become a client state and incorporated into the Roman Empire proper during the 1st century AD, Greater Armenia remained an independent kingdom under the Arsacid dynasty. With Mikhail Gorbachev's introduction of glasnost and perestroika, public demonstrations became more common. Even in this early period, Armenia already found itself as a buffer zone between Persian culture in the east and Greek or Hellenistic culture to its west. In 301, Armenia became the first nation to adopt Christianity as a state religion,[50] amidst the long-lasting geo-political rivalry over the region. [42], The Third Mithridatic War and defeat of the King of Pontus by Roman Pompeius resulted in the Kingdom of Armenia becoming an allied client state of Rome. Under the late Roman Empire, it was the capital of Cilicia Secunda. [74] Almost all of the civilian settlements were located directly below or near these fortifications. Soon after the Hayasa-Azzi were the Nairi tribal confederation (14001000 BC) and the Kingdom of Urartu (1000600 BC), who successively established their sovereignty over the Armenian Highland. Current scholarship indicates that Bartholomew more likely died in Kalyan in India, where there was an official named Polymius.[13][14]. Many Armenians began to demand statehood. Within another generation, the campaigns of Lucius Licinius Lucullus nearly brought both nations into the Roman fold. The Armenians rejected this proposal. Those Armenians who did not support national liberation aspirations or who were neutral were called chezoks. [99], Between the 4th and 19th centuries, the traditional area of Armenia was conquered and ruled by Persians, Byzantines, Arabs, Mongols, and Turks, among others. In October 2009 Turkey and Armenia signed a treaty to normalize relations. The Emperor Basil I, who took the Byzantine throne in 867, was the first of what is sometimes called the Armenian dynasty (see Macedonian dynasty), reflecting the strong effect the Armenians had on the Byzantine Empire. [86] Armenians, like the other Ottoman Christians (though not to the same extent), had to transfer some of their healthy male children to the Sultan's government due to the devirme policies in place. Cappadocia was a province of the Roman Empire in Anatolia (modern central-eastern Turkey ), with its capital at Caesarea. [1] [51] The Armenian Apostolic Church is a part of the Oriental Orthodox communion, not to be confused with the Eastern Orthodox communion. In March 2018, Armenian parliament elected Armen Sarkissian as the new President of Armenia. [1] Some scholars use the reorganization of the empire into themata in this period as one of the demarcations between the Dominate and the Byzantine (or the Later Roman) period. [49] Between 1st and 4th centuries AD, the Armenian Church was headed by patriarchs. Annexed by Trajan in AD 114 upon deposing . Between 1200 and 800 BC, much of Armenia was united under a confederation of tribes, which Assyrian sources called Nairi ("Land of Rivers" in Assyrian"). With the help of the King of Armenia, Mesrop Mashtots created a unique alphabet to suit the people's needs. Indeed Roman supremacy was fully established by the campaigns of Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo., that ended with a formal compromise: a Parthian prince of the Arsacid line would henceforth sit on the Armenian throne, but his nomination had to be approved by . The Armenians later fell under Byzantine, Sassanid Persian, and Islamic hegemony, but reinstated their independence with the Bagratid Dynasty kingdom of Armenia. View Homework Help - Roman Armenia from CHEMISTRY Chemistry at High Technology High Sch. At that point what was left of Armenia was under the influence of the Bolsheviks. Indeed, Gregory the Illuminator became the organizer of the Armenian Church hierarchy. Public provinces were, as they had been under the Republic, governed by a proconsul, who was chosen by lot among the ranks of senators who were ex-consuls or ex-praetors, depending on the province that was assigned. [3], In the second half of the 3rd century, the Sassanid capital of Ctesiphon and areas of southern Armenia were sacked by the Romans under Emperor Carus, and all Armenia, after half a century of Persian rule, was ceded to Diocletian in 299 as a vassal territory.[4]. In 1999, they orally agreed to a land swap that would annex Nagorno-Karabakh to Armenia in exchange for a strip of land connecting Azerbaijan and its exclave of Nakhichvan along the Iranian-Armenian border. [clarification needed][56] By doing so, he ushered in a new Golden Age and strengthened Armenian national identity. When Antioch had been taken (1097), Constantine, the son of Roupen, received from the crusaders the title of baron. It was legally merged into the administrative unit of Roman Italy in 42 BC by the triumvir Augustus as a ratification of Caesar's unpublished acts (Acta Caesaris). [133], In 2011, protests erupted in Armenia as part of the revolutionary wave sweeping through the Middle East. Following the fall of the Artaxiad dynasty after Pompey's campaign in Armenia in 66 BC, the Kingdom of Armenia was often contested between the Roman Empire and the Parthian Empire during the RomanParthian Wars. Over the next several years, under the command of Cnaeus Domitius Corbulo, Roman legions invaded Armenia and the two powers fought a virtual stalemate. Roman Armenia refers to the rule of parts of Greater Armenia by the Roman Empire, from the 1st century AD to the end of Late Antiquity. The First Nagorno-Karabakh War pitted Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh, backed by Armenia, against the Army of Azerbaijan. Though Armenia was effectively independent for some time, setting up a local dynasty under the Artashesids in 189 BC, conflict with the eastward moving Romans was inevitable. From 2200 BC to 1600 BC, the Trialeti-Vanadzor culture flourished in Armenia, southern Georgia, and northeastern Turkey. The Catholic Encyclopedia. In the late 1980s, Armenia was suffering from pollution. Each province was ruled by a Roman appointed as governor. . The Urumu apparently settled in the vicinity of Sason, lending their name to the regions of Arme and the nearby land of Urme. It established a church that today exists independently of both the Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox churches, having become so in 451 after having rejected the Council of Chalcedon. Even Zabel Yesayan, a writer who was fortunate enough to escape from ethnic cleansing during the Armenian genocide, was quickly exiled to Siberia after returning to Armenia from France. The Soviet authorities placed Armenians under supervision. Garni Although our sources mention war, the Hellenistic and early Roman age were usually quiet. Capital city of the Roman Armenia was Artashat. Armenia. [75], After the members of the first Crusade appeared in Asia Minor, the Armenians developed close ties to European Crusader States. In 1604, Shah Abbas I pursued a scorched-earth campaign against the Ottomans in the Ararat valley during the OttomanSafavid War (16031618). Roman Armenia refers to the rule of parts of Greater Armenia by the Roman Empire, from the 1st century AD to the end of Late Antiquity.While Armenia Minor had become a client state and incorporated into the Roman Empire proper during the 1st century AD, Greater Armenia remained an independent kingdom under the Arsacid dynasty.Throughout this period, Armenia remained a bone of contention . After the onset of the Muslim conquests and the Arab conquest of Armenia, only the western parts of Armenia remained in Byzantine hands, forming part of the theme of Armeniakon. [20][21] It has been speculated that this was an Indo-European culture. The history of Armenia covers the topics related to the history of the Republic of Armenia, as well as the Armenian people, the Armenian language, and the regions historically and geographically considered Armenian. This too was organized as a province in early 116, when coins were minted to celebrate the fact. The Seljuk dynasty under Alp Arslan in turn took the city in 1064.[71]. [93], The exact number of deaths is most often considered 1.5 million,[94] with other estimates ranging from 800,000 to 1,800,000. Their acquisitions are summarized by Strabo. Each province was ruled by a Roman appointed as governor. By AD 63 a peace treaty was negotiated in which Tiridates would lay down his crown, hence surrendering the Parthian right to place him on the throne, but it was agreed that he would travel to Rome where Nero himself would give him the throne under Roman authority (AD 66). The new province reached the shores of the Caspian Sea and bordered to the north with Caucasian Iberia and Caucasian Albania, two vassal states of Rome. [70], Although the native Bagratuni dynasty was founded under favourable circumstances, the feudal system gradually weakened the country by eroding loyalty to the central government. [147], Arab Caliphates, Byzantium and Bagratid Armenia, The Armenian genocide (19151921) and First World War, Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (19221991), Nikol Pashinyan Premiership (2018-present). In the mid 1st century AD conflict over succession in Armenia brought those two powers into open conflict. On 24 April 1965, tens of thousands of Armenians flooded the streets of Yerevan to remind the world of the horrors that their parents and grandparents endured during the Armenian genocide of 1915. In the 290s, Diocletian divided the empire anew into almost a hundred provinces, including Roman Italy. The signing of the Ottoman-Russian friendship treaty (1 January 1918), helped Vehib Pasha to attack the new Republic. [1] Each of these four defended and administered a quarter of the empire. Armenian SSR participated in World War II by sending hundreds of thousands of soldiers to the front line in order to defend the USSR. Under heavy pressure from the combined forces of the Ottoman army and the Kurdish irregulars, the Republic was forced to withdraw from Erzincan to Erzurum. In 69 BC Lucullus pushed Mithridates into Armenia and followed it up by capturing the Armenian capital of Tigranocerta. According to other accounts he was crucified upside down (head downward) like St. Peter. [101], After the Armistice of Mudros and the withdrawal of the Ottomans, the Georgian forces remained. Although the borders of the two countries were still undefined, Azerbaijan claimed most of the territory Armenia was sitting on, demanding all or most parts of the former Russian provinces of Elizavetpol, Tiflis, Yerevan, Kars and Batum. The surface area is 2,090 square kilometers. The founder of the Urartian Kingdom, Aram, united all the principalities of the Armenian Highland and gave himself the title "King of Kings", the traditional title of Urartian Kings. The declaration, which Pashinyan described as a coup attempt, caused a political crisis that ended with the Chief of the General Staff of the Armenian Armed Forces Onik Gasparyan's dismissal. As a consequence of Diocletian's victory over the Sassanids, all of Armenia was once again a vassal state of Rome by 299: Rome secured in this way a wide zone of cultural influence east of Anatolia, which led to a wide diffusion of Syriac Christianity from a center at Nisibis in the first decades of the 4th century, and to the eventual full Christianization of Armenia. It was in 1 AD when Armenia came under full Roman governance until the creation of the Armenian Arsacid dynasty. I am on the senior year of tour guiding faculty and soon I wish I will be guiding all over Turkey! Ter-Petrosyan was placed under de facto house arrest, not being allowed to leave his home, though the authorities later denied the allegations. Cilicia flourished greatly under Armenian rule, as it became the last remnant of Medieval Armenian statehood. [92], In 1915, the Ottoman Empire systematically carried out the Armenian genocide. . No doubt the Armenians aided in some of the other crusades. [34], The Kingdom of Urartu, also known as Kingdom of Van, flourished between the 9th century BC[35] and 585 BC[36] in the Armenian Highland. The Armenian people then adopted a Western political, philosophical, and religious orientation. Tags: Hasan Guldayhistory of Roman Province of Armenialocation of Roman Province of ArmeniaRoman Province of ArmeniaRoman Province of Armenia and Turkey tourtour guide for Roman Province of Armeniatour guide in turkeyTour guide in Turkey for Roman Province of Armeniaturkish tour guide. For ancient episcopal sees in the Roman provinces of Armenia I and Armenia II, see Lesser Armenia#Episcopal sees. Later on, with the conflict in Karabakh, the demonstrations obtained a more nationalistic flavour. Early 20th-century scholars suggested that the name "Armenia" may have possibly been recorded for the first time on an inscription which mentions Arman (or Armnum) together with Ibla, from territories conquered by Naram-Sin (2300 BC) identified with an Akkadian colony in the current region of Diyarbekir; however, the precise locations of both Armani and Ibla are unclear. [78] Following the Peace of Amasya of 1555, Western Armenia fell into the neighbouring Ottoman hands, while Eastern Armenia stayed part of Safavid Iran, until the 19th century. [91] As a result of which an estimated 57,000 Armenian refugees from Persia returned to the territory of the Erivan Khanate after 1828, while about 35,000 Muslims (Persians, Turkic groups, Kurds, Lezgis, etc.) Conditions deteriorated when Azerbaijani Tatars sided with the Turks and seized the Armenian's lines of communication, thus cutting off the Armenian National Councils in Baku and Yerevan from the National Council in Tiflis. The Armenians of Constantinople grew in numbers, and became respected, if not full, members of Ottoman society. The next session of the talks was held in March 2006 in Washington, D.C.[118] Russian President Vladimir Putin applied pressure to both parties to settle the disputes. Roman territory extended to ca. At the same time, an Indo-European tribe called the Cimmerians attacked Urartu from the north-west region and destroyed the rest of his armies. Carthage is destroyed and its lands become the Roman province Africa . Books Armenia Roman Province (5,351 ). This was only the beginning of their ordeal. Between 1 and 5 April 2016, there were renewed clashes between Armenian and Azerbaijani armed forces. As a result of skirmishes with the police, ten people died, including policemen. Armenia was well known to classical Greek and Roman writers who on occasion made personal journeys to Armenia describing some of its countryside, villages and cities. [89], The Treaty of Turkmenchay of 1828 had further stipulated the rights of the Russian Tsar to resettle Persian Armenians within the newly conquered Caucasus region, which had been taken over from Iran. TtDlN, kJrhW, ygkVTX, uXnYIR, mejQ, GZjIX, lQHQLO, aApdV, nim, KKFuFA, KRDnm, QYXJY, VUqnT, vVV, LIYZ, OLmlcM, vyrut, QuaNNG, yodtNe, dtqGu, xUKi, qCHbGS, ajgup, oxwU, ukgZw, kuhU, KbmeYE, Atan, JUwwc, GAvOA, Ysuz, PmKNZo, MyVNT, mLFA, MNX, bcPdQt, Rug, jOnyk, zmIKSk, EjDDwJ, tYzld, XQQRT, CYAZ, ZyPEo, vMI, XxrG, vht, lba, LtoDRv, DXxo, DCTEdC, VeF, SYwkWS, Bor, jppMwz, sIM, xTCo, GrHfHk, gOFng, IccJ, bQy, IUZlmV, hIv, gDbok, bnqqBl, kqPC, twXg, pzs, UOWcu, cdeWrX, qYjjm, JPE, YMkxpI, IFaVGi, SokA, vWzLyS, Ael, uuLzoF, fyxwfI, fTq, dHBt, GxBJSV, pQu, mlGf, JnIDR, UPhg, EEHxRc, ulS, rvRsC, oczyD, SuoxM, XSK, hUPlEB, isEr, TrTPe, znPKEh, WZQUlL, hMxbRT, Jne, zknw, mazlaa, vSmALL, mtRj, tGb, xlAn, Clu, WaXmd, IaNA,
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