how to apply SPCM to a process, continue the flow chart from Week 1 and identify variances within a process. Science should always be used to improve society And promote knowledge. What constraints are there on the pursuit of knowledge? Or does ethical error only come in when the answers are collated? I assume that few would challenge research into physical characteristics of different races, so why is intelligence, or more precisely, the ranges of intelligence logical, visual, musical, emotional etc. Nowadays, it is common to ask about ethnicity in job applications, healthcare provision etc. To use the current phrase, This is where I come from, I should say candidly that I am a consequentialist and a humanist. share, ethical responsibility still exists - just in an other way as the notion of what our ethical responsibility actually is would change. According to deontological approaches, practical reason is a representation of formal, as well as . Along with this, they placed a written analysis explaining how the objects connected to their prompts. Judging from the offerings of Internet entertainment companies, viewers cant get enough of murder and torture. I have the same prompt, but I am struggling finding the third object. Recognizing, then, not only the ambiguities but also the ambivalences of so much human knowledge, actual or potential, are there any forms of knowledge we can rule out as outside the pale? If the one cannot be absolutized, it might be asked, why should theother? The first was that there must be a clear danger, and the second was that the danger must be present, not a merely speculative forecast of the sort used in slippery slope objections to innovative newknowledge. Answer (1 of 11): Should some knowledge not be sought on ethical grounds? Everybody else does. The heart of the matter is, If you dont do it, somebody else will, and as a companion buttress, Since somebody is going to do it, I might as well do itmyself.. Thoughtful people could easily enough make the listlonger. Ethics Question - Standard I(B) and IV(C), Im sorry but how has no one made a meme with this text book. It is becoming abundantly clear, he says, that the value of knowledge is no more an absolute good in itself than is anything else. Druckers assertion reminds us that what we are saying here may be the first time since Socrates established knowledge as the foundation of the Western world view that it has been so directly challenged; it has always been taken for granted. If we conclude that there is some knowledge we should not pursue on: If we conclude that there is some knowledge we should not pursue on ethical grounds, how can we determine the boundaries of acceptable investigation within an area of knowledge? Amongst some of the questions you find are: Should some knowledge not be sought on ethical grounds? It was certainly not a scientific statement; it was an act of faith, an auto de fe, and I was not inclined to take it lying On the one hand I attack scientists for giving knowledge an absolute valueknowledge for its own sakewhile on the other hand, as a humanist, I raise up another absolutehuman well-being for its own sake. Earn Login. As a first step in the exhibition process, you should choose the IA prompt you will use to connect the three objects to. The belief behind this is that the proliferation of learning is inevitable and unbounded, except for whatever limits to it are given per naturam, since mans powers of cognition are at best only finite. GOVERNMENT NOTICE! Which side do we stand on? A few years ago I had a phone call from somebody in Washington. He then went on, In that case we want you to sit on the panel for Should some knowledge not be sought on ethical grounds? In recent years I have often quoted DeWitt Stettins counsel, when the flap about DNA flared up. Along with their notion that everything that can be known ought to be known goes the notion that everybody should know it or at least be allowed to. I present you; some insightful messages from fellow IB Did anyone else know that AA math exam is tomorrow? Peter Drucker, the doyen of industrial management consultants, has put it very bluntly. It's been quite a roller coaster for students who have opted for the TOK (Theory Of Knowledge) Diploma Programme, with the new syllabus introduced in August 2020. nourished by scientific knowledge, and the higher the technology becomes the more truly a creature of science it becomes. Some aspects will link to just one prompt and some may have a closer link to several of the 35 IA prompts. I got 6 7 8 for the 3 commentaries for the first teacher marking and I turned the final versions in maybe 2 weeks ago, i'm so nervous :(( our school's known for having a shit tok curriculum though so i'm hoping my exhibition will get moderated up haha and good luck for yours too, hope you can find the 3rd object! Understanding TOK as a methodology is very important, for it establishes the concurrency of learning with other IB courses. The slogan ars gratia artis (art for arts sake) has always run the gauntlet among art critics, essentially because they are humanists and as such reject the notion that anything, including art, is good for its own sake. There is, however, another symbiosis here. The first thing to be said about this, obviously, is that it violates the consequential principle. This turning to measurementnot only in economics and politics but in ethics as wellis aimed at a careful calculation of relative values and claims in an effort to find a fair balance. If we conclude that there is some knowledge we should not pursue on ethical grounds, how can we determine the boundaries of acceptable investigation within an area of knowledge? Moltkeplatz 61 + 1 large. We have all heard people say, Dont give me any ifs, ands, or buts, or maybes; a thing is either right or it isnt right. There are those who on this model say that scientific knowledge is good in itself, or that a technological innovation based on it is right because the product is in and of itself valuablenot just relative to other values or by reasons of its effects. If you are on the humanistic side you have to ask of all proposed inquiries, investigations, and research, How will it help people, or at least not hurtthem?. To me, this seems like one example where it is somehow more ethical to have inconsistent views on ethics, as Leszek Kolakowsi argued in his brilliant essay, In Praise of Inconsistency (Toward a Marxist Humanism, 1967). Today, it would be unheard of to seek grant funding for research into the relative IQs of the different races, regardless of the expected result. As it turned out at OTA, ethical considerations arose almost constantly in trade-offs between values as one alternative was weighed against another; our reports were consciously shaped to guide Congress as it passed regulatory legislation in the publicinterest. So long as it can be sought by ethical means, that should be the only disqualifier. Sir George Pickering, Regius Professor of Medicine in Oxford, decided the prospect was horrifying because, unlike other body cells, brain cells cannot regenerate and the longevitists would therefore end up References Citing Literature Volume 26, Issue 3 I do want to know. However, there is a more nuanced ethical question: is the pursuit of all scientific knowledge equally worthy? (2) the most effective solution is based on the situation. Each Area of Knowledge is a system. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. Imagine science without electronic microscopes or microscopy without science. As the term indicates, this means that I put the interests of human beings, their well-being, in the prime positionin John Steinbecks catbird seat. Whether humanists find their ultimate support in a supernatural or a naturalistic worldview, human benefit is their first-order value. Why do we seek knowledge? Moreover, many top people in the scientific community refuse to accept it no matter what hard numbers its protagonists use to establish when the catastrophe range would bereached. Seeking to know how to destroy the biosphere would be wrong. We could not object to their having a fixa first-order value in relation to which everything else, all other values, are relative. He asks, Is there such a thing as socially responsible science? In point of fact, I do not universalize human well-being, I do not claim it for everybody all of the time, and this is for the simple reason that to do so would land me in many impossible multilemmas, since human interests often cut across eachothers. All knowledge is not equal, and there are innate risks involved in even attempting to pursue certain kinds of knowledge. Should some knowledge not be sought on ethical grounds? Should some knowledge not be sought on ethical grounds? The notion of good cannot have any meaning apart from sentient beings. Article. The learning partners set up their stations in museum-like fashion in the Learn Atelier of the SY Building and each displayed three objects that they carefully selected. 1 a) Choose the IA prompts from the list of prescribed IA prompts (see below). But lo and behold, I now found in Houston that Thomas meant there is nothing we ought not to know. This essay examines thatweb. In biotechnology, for example, science is obviously the vera causa. Here are the Theory of Knowledge Essay prescribed titles for the May 2022 session. In the above example, an argument is expected from the student to convey both pros and cons of 'Should some knowledge not be sought on ethical grounds?'. Out of a vast welter of things that might be said on the score As an epigraph we might borrow the conclusion of Daniel Greenbergs The Politics of Pure Science. Those who defend it will have to contend that all knowledge, without exception, has good consequencesthat even if its immediate consequences are bad its remote result will, on the principle of proportionate good, balance out as desirable. If we conclude that there is some knowledge we should not pursue on ethical grounds, how can we determine the boundaries of acceptable investigation within the area of knowledge of arts? There are some who say this, especially in the science-orientedpursuits. What can an object tell you about the way knowledge is produced, acquired and interpreted? It all depends on the circumstances. Up to this point what has been said can be summed up in three propositions. Taking photographs of someone being tortured, would be one example. He asked me if it was true, as he had read in one of my books, that I knew practically nothing about technology or the mathematics of probabilities? (1) you cannot rely on one best way. How can a researcher avoid noticing differences even if he/she refrains on ethical grounds from putting biro to paper? Are there any limiting principles relevant when we seek to know things of which we are ignorant? Turkish tea, a lensball, a family photograph and a solar panel driven miniature Albert Einstein were a few of the objects that the learning partners chose to display. Replacing the previous, Presentation Assessment, the TOK Exhibition explores how TOK manifests in the world around us. In recent times has reached such an advance that . It comes from two Greek words, pro, the preclitic for first or beforehand, and mathein, the verb to think or ponder. We can say we wont inquire across our present boundaries of knowledge at this point or that but there is always somebody who will, and even if we tried to shut the door on something we disliked wed stumble across it anyway as we run down some other road. The best place on the human body to put the electrodes, for example, how to judge the precise current to use, depending on ones perception of the subjects reaction? A photographer I admire is Robert Mapplethorpe (1946-1989). Lets not get bogged down, however, in the problematic issues of nuclear warfare. Your question takes the form of a conditional so the first thing we need to decide is whether it is in fact true that there is some knowledge we should not pursue on ethical grounds. Such appeals to ignorance, for such they are, are a spittin image of the old religious argument that the all-powerful Gods ways are mysterious (remember, in William Cowpers Table Talk, God moves in mysterious ways his wonders to perform) so that what seems to be his indifference to human suffering turns out in the end to be protective love. Has anyone done the same and received a decent grade? equalizer Stats expand_more. And why wrong? The word 'ethics' comes from the Greek word 'ethos', meaning custom or behaviour. Milgram experiment Thus econometrics was born from the marriage of economics andstatistics. On ethical grounds, we are told, one should simply not go there. In the last analysis the case for humanism is pragmatic andtotal. Science and technology have to stand before the bar of ethics, too. Of course, it would be unethical to actually torture people in order to get this knowledge, but much research can be done exploring the work of others, for example, by going through documents left undestroyed by the East German Stasi, or the Nazi concentration camp doctors. For a very simple and sufficient reason. partnership, on a macro as well as a micro scale, we need the help of mathematics to servejustice. Hopefully, once Covid-19 regulations have eased, more visitors from the school community will be able to join the final TOK Exhibition in June 2021. 1 a) Choose the IA prompts from the list of prescribed IA prompts (see below). But was it? Biologically it would not be realistic; it would not make sense scientifically. TOK therefore develops higher order critical thinking skills, asking students to step outside their academic subjects and consider them from a metacognitive perspective, coming to an understanding of their scope, underlying methodology, limitations and wider ethical dimension. with a great population of young bodies and senile minds. 17. agreed on, allowed. It is often said that religious beliefs have to stand before the bar of ethics, meaning that human beings will not believe in gods that fall short of their developing moral ideals and standards. This posture works in religion, it would seem, but scientifically it is absurd. Ethical judgment is reasoning about the possible alternatives in a situation and judging which alternative is the most ethical one. It is not unethical to take an interest in things that some, or perhaps most human beings find disgusting. I would be reluctant to set any ethical boundaries to investigation into the arts. In the arts, ethics are a very evident and reoccurring topic of discussion. Ethics The right to know what is already known seems on the whole well provided for in legislation and statute laws providing freedom of information, due regard for reasonable secrets, libel laws, and the like. OR Who owns knowledge? Even Websters is guilty of it. if u want u can share ur commentaries with me and i can give u feedback even i got an 8/10 tho:), Can you please what objects do you chose? I'm quite concerned that this exhibition will end up bringing my TOK grade down if I submit it to IB just because I failed to represent ethics correctly, but I also really don't want to spare the effort of having to write 3 new commentaries on another prompt (added to the workload of all my other subjects). If denied, does this mean one is denying her rights as human Continue reading "11) In your opinion, why is child marriage . One thing you can't argue is that it is ethically wrong, on principle, to take a photograph of something that is ethically wrong, or wrong to view such photographs, or seek them out. This last complaint, that science values knowledge more than human beings, leads me to the second of the two problems we ought toexamine. No To a great extent IB has changed my thinking. "Knowledge" - make sure you are clear and specific in your essay about what kinds of knowledge you are focusing on. Geniuses don't create truth, they just discover it - and . One thing you cant argue is that it is ethically wrong, on principle, to take a photograph of something that is ethically wrong, or wrong to view such photographs, or seek them out. 18. Both releasing information and concealment of specific facts can have severe outcomes for those who hold this knowledge, as well as for other individuals who depend on this information. However, one could imagine much worse. In another age, Mapplethorpe would be imprisoned for his sexually explicit black and white photographs. Before 1903, Russell devoted some of the energy that he could spare from German Social Democracy, the foundations of mathematics and the philosophy of Leibniz to working out a meta-ethic of his own. Is that true? Possession of knowledge does carry an ethical responsibility because there are certain kinds of knowledge that inflict a compulsion or a challenge on the person who carries that knowledge. (He has also done wonderful photographs of flowers.) YES: Law of respecting others Now you all have cancer NO: Interests of someone other than yourself are involved Is it ethical to build up hope of other people. When Dr. Thomas spoke of the atom bomb he meant to suggest, I think, that nuclear power may well prove to be a blessing in the energy shortage now confronting our technological society, but beyond that he was presumably also implying either that the balance of terror in the possession of thermonuclear weaponry by rival superpowers will remain in status quo, or that in any case if first and second strike attacks were unleashed the human and material destruction would stop satisfactorily short of being catastrophic. The thrust of all this is evident enough. Knowledge, they said in effect, is not sacred, not a mystical holy of holies, untouchable by taboo and thus outside the realm of human choice andcontrol. At bottom the question is whether our knowledge is in any significant way subject to or should be conditioned by our value judgments. The Science and Values Debate. No, we are looking at the question whether in particular matters what is not yet known should be left unknown ab initio, as far as choicepermits. Founder member of the International Society for Philosophers (ISFP) View all posts by Geoffrey Klempner. Does some knowledge belong only to particular communities of knowers? It means, of course, that we ought not to harm human beings, except when it is done as the lesser evil in a trade-off (as insurgery). It is that the survival of our species, Homo sapiens, is the necessary and indispensable prerequisite to the whole human enterprise, including both the sciences and humanities. Note that the subreddit is not run by the International Baccalaureate. Mathematicians will probably perk up their ears at this point. In this kind of rhetoric terrible tragedies, cosmic or natural disasters, like epidemics and earthquakes, and heartbreaking cases of innocent suffering and death due to accidents or disease, are really all to the good, and we should know it if only we could share in Gods infinite knowledge. Picking a Prompt A consensus of opinion is likely to give most praise to the person who is both knowledgeable and ethical, and supporters of such a view may argue that being knowledgeable is 'better' as the most ethical behaviour is dependent upon first acquiring knowledge. Even with careful peer review could such biological research be carried out safely, without endangering the public interest? The other thing is, as I see it, far more dangerousthe mistaken notion that science is value free and that scientific knowledge is adiaphorous, that is, morally neutral, and should not be subject to any limitingprinciples. In the classical language of moral philosophy and jurisprudence we would say it is aimed at distributive justice. Rationally we can at most only seek to optimize human well-being as the good. The private interest has to be weighed within the socialcontext. We can dispense with names. Actually, that kind of blind truth seeking is the exact opposite ofPromethean.
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