There has been little to no existing research or evidence that demonstrates whether and how immigrant's mobility gainsassimilating to a dominant country such as language ability, socioeconomic status etc. causes changes in the perception of those who were born in the dominant country. 7:TXxB=xh5a'-;l]8K,{ 9 h9B){l)-P1#BlZo [17] Similarly, the Old Testament's story of the Exodus serves as the founding myth for the community of Israel, telling how God delivered the Israelites from slavery and how they therefore belonged to him through the Covenant of Mount Sinai. On his attempt, three golden objects fell from the sky: a plow and yoke, a sword, and a cup. We tried to get our heads around the new terminology and what the differences were between the categories of transmission, infection, or outcomes. This type of assimilation included religious conversion, separation of families, changes of gender roles, division of property among foreign power, elimination of local economies and lack of sustainable food supply. Justification for these severe measures, as cited by New Zealands Prime Minister, included limiting travel, advice on mass gatherings, and guidelines for student attendance and deferment. I was amused by this. 0000021132 00000 n
For example, some Kurds say that they have Kurdish nationality, even though there is no Kurdish sovereign state at this time in history. endobj
The additions to Figure 2 of power, time, space, and life stage illustrate how multiple factors can influence and have potential to act and interact, to create opportunities, outcomes, and obstacles, or to create a new system equilibrium (transformation). Traditional gateways, unlike new gateways, have many institutions set up to help immigrants such as legal aid, bureaus, social organizations. In this article, employment pertains to the work required of Anna and Hana as full-time permanent lecturers in Higher Education. I found myself constantly checking my calendar and being on alert for incoming messages. A founding myth may serve as the primary exemplum, as the myth of Ixion was the original Greek example of a murderer rendered unclean by his crime, who needed cleansing (catharsis) of his impurity. While the disruptive move from normal face-to-face teaching and learning to remote, online platforms was unprecedented, the effects and impacts of this forced shift were under-estimated, occurred without sufficient planning or preparation, and tested individuals and institutions to new limits. Comput. Students told me they preferred Panopto lectures because they could view them several times over, and they could also turn up the speed of the voice delivery to 1.5 or two times the speed. The term is usually used to refer to either a residential area or a workspace with a high concentration of ethnic firms. [6] In most cases, no rights or obligations are automatically attached to this status, although the status is a necessary precondition for any rights and obligations created by the state. The object is to obtain the most reliable consensus of opinion of a group of experts (Dalkey & Helmer, 1963, p. 458) as to the best workable Founding myths feature prominently in Greek mythology. [2], During cultural assimilation, minority groups are expected to adapt to the everyday practices of the dominant culture through language and appearance as well as via more significant socioeconomic factors such as absorption into the local cultural and employment community. 22 (2), 135142. Therefore, making learning possible and available from home schooling has been the need of the hour at all levels of teaching and learning. WebIn ecology, a population is a group of organisms of the same species who inhabit the same particular geographical area and are capable of interbreeding. 44 Articles, This article is part of the Research Topic, Impacts of Covid-19 Pandemic on Global Education, Defining Key Domains and Intersections: The Socio-Ecological System of Higher Education Experience, Lifestyle, and Livelihood, Towards a Socio-Ecological Systems Model of Higher Education Experience, Lifestyle, and Livelihood During the 2020 Covid-19 Lockdown, Demands and Resources in the Interacting Domains of Higher Education Experiences, Lifestyle, and Livelihood, Socio-Political Factors Influencing Demands, Resources, and Wellbeing in Each Higher Education Experiences, Lifestyle, and Livelihood Domain, and Their Interaction, https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.647524. Returning to the authors earlier claim that socio-ecological models are helpful to represent the true influencers of an individual might be a misrepresentation of the complexity of the whole ecological system. The mesosystem, consisting of different parts of the microsystem or interactions between different parts of a persons microsystems, has a direct impact on the individual which can be influenced either positively or negatively. Stress. Available at: https://issuu.com/educationinternational/docs/2020_research_covid-19_eng. The process of reflexivity occurred through each lecturer reading the other lecturers accounts of their experience and commenting on suitability for inclusion. Multidisciplinary. JITE:IIP. 17 (2), 127141. [39], Statelessness is defined by the 1954 Statelessness Convention as "a person who is not considered a national by any State under operation of its law.[40] A person can become stateless because of administrative reasons. For example, when a lecturer had dependents at home who needed to be home-schooled this compromised their time at work, when there were insufficient electronic devices within a home bubble this compromised access to content and live interactions, and when physical space was limited due to the needs of others within the home bubble, the creation of a conducive teaching and learning environment was contested. During lockdown, information was disseminated via several online sources, via 1) all-staff emails, department, ICT and personal emails, 2) online meetings using Microsoft Teams or Zoom for senior management, department, programme, paper and collegial information sharing, and 3) the universitys Blackboard and Collaborate intranet platforms for staff-student information sharing about changes to assessments, workshop times and dates, designated lecturers, and how to access resources or troubleshoot issues. tF v1OcmSat3% -MCtFL6)f](3y
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h;w/d4@e1[kF[X_MvE>y&F6 Med. Conceptually, citizenship is focused on the internal political life of the state and nationality is a matter of international law. 8 (08), 3118. doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20203477, Ruggiero, D., and J. Mong, C. (2015). We adopt a collaborative autoethnographic approach to enable critical reflection on the experiences of teaching in higher education. In the context of the Bachelor of Sport and Recreation (BSR) within an Auckland university, these restrictions forced all lectures to be delivered online, principally through the universitys online learning management system (Blackboard) and two intranet platforms: Panopto and Collaborate. Available at: https://www.who.int/news/item/30-03-2020-who-releases-guidelines-to-help-countries-maintain-essential-health-services-during-the-covid-19-pandemic (Accessed December 17, 2020), Zimlich, S. (2015). However, many cultures have stories set in a time after a first origin - such stories aim to account for the beginnings of natural phenomena or of human Home was very quiet, my husband worked upstairs on the dining room table, I worked downstairs in my office. These claims add together to call on some of the information in relation to social class and the local people cannot go about their background, task, and timetable. ISSN: 2394-7969 (Online), ISSN: 2394-7950 (Print). Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/world (Accessed December 16, 2020). Almost robotically, I advised my student of our next meeting, agreed a plan of work to be completed, and finished the meeting. Northeast asia is exemplied by punk and heavy metal as pregnant death, a death after a modal. A foundational story represents the view that the creation of the city is a human achievement. Being contained within my home bubble signified a constraint on my ability to access normal spaces such as the university campus, classrooms, the stadium, gym, the staff hub, etcetera. All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Petrie, C. (2020). The authors acknowledge the encouragement, support, and mentorship of university colleagues and fellow lecturers in the planning and writing of this collaborative autoethnographic article. In: Hull DL, Ruse M, editors. The removal of this connection with colleagues and students unhinged an essential characteristic of who I am as a lecturer. Each of these key aspects is discussed further: Power: Relative to the dynamic between lecturers and their students (microsystems), lecturers and their colleagues (mesosystems), middle management with associated lecturers and administrators (exosystem), middle management with higher management structures (exosystem), and higher management structures with external governance (Ministry of Education, 2020b) and other macrosystem influences (Ministry of Health, 2017; New Zealand Government, 2020; World Health Organisation, 2020). This scenario is unprecedented. 8 (1), 133141. On reflection, I am not comfortable using digital and electronic delivery platforms to communicate in a meaningful way with others, although I can utilize these tools successfully if, and when required to. The challenges of grappling with new technology and IT systems caused stress and anxiety due to striving to meet high university-level academic standards. Available at: https://www.education.govt.nz/covid-19/advice-for-tertiary-providerswhare-wananga/ (Accessed December 16, 2020), Ministry of Education (2020d). As the number of international students entering the US has increased, so has the number of international students in US colleges and universities. The impact of demands and resources identified as acting in each domain and at each intersection, generates a further level of complexity to the analysis and interpretation of each lecturers experiences during lockdown in 2020. Part of who I am as an educator hinges on the ambience and atmosphere I create and facilitate in a learning environment. A concerning number of students reported experiencing greater pressure on their time due to demands from their home bubble, workplace, or other commitments, which impacted on their level of stress, and confidence regarding study success going forward. The current global pandemic has forced many countries into rapid online learning, with educators and students being displaced from their usual place of work, working, or studying from home, learning new digital platforms and systems within short timeframes, while institutions and educators have endeavored to provide pastoral care for their learners, from a distance. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.31132.85120, New Zealand Government (2020). [47], Canada remains one of the largest immigrant populations in the world. [8] The protectionist policies were discontinued, and assimilation policies took over. Learn. [37] The results show both graduate and undergraduate students showed both the satisfactory and socio-cultural skilled changed over time. [10], In January 2019, newly elected Brazil's president Jair Bolsonaro has stripped the Indigenous affairs agency FUNAI of the responsibility to identify and demarcate Indigenous lands. 0000012052 00000 n
Available at: https://www.apa.org/topics/resilience (Accessed December 28, 2020). I systematically downloaded files and documents for all my AUT courses and papers, from my PC to a portable hard drive. Drawing on the socio-ecological systems framework (Figure 2), Anna and Hana described the demands and resources that arose from each of the domains of their higher education experience (new technologies, remote online teaching, and learning), lifestyle (home bubble, work-home balance), and livelihood (employment, workload), aligned to their well-being as HE lecturers. 60 0 obj
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doi:10.1787/9789264064638-en Available at: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/economics/oecd-forum-2007_9789264064638-en;jsessionid=57e8cf3tjvxq.deltaAccessed December 28, 2020). This section aims to conceptualize the three domains of HE experiences, lifestyle, and livelihood (microsystems), to clarify and highlight the significance of the intersections, interrelatedness, interdependence, and interactions across, within and between each domain (mesosystems). Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand. Contrarily, electronic devices usually work with DC voltages. According to Stanger, (2011) research, a reorientation of socio-ecological models to eco-sociological models through which the environment and changes to the environment (political, economic, social, physical, and educational) can have substantial impacts on the individual, community, and larger society connected to and associated with that eco-sociological system, are the next step. 14, 101124. Delamont, S. (2009). Belayche, Nicole. The term "assimilation" is often used with regard to not only indigenous groups but also immigrants settled in a new land. Continuous on-screen hours, day after day, was unprecedented. doi:10.29333/ejmste/7893. The macrosystem involves the links between a social setting in which the individual does not have an active role and the individuals immediate context (Bronfenbrenner, 1979). During this time, at their Auckland-based university, the higher educational landscape emerged as a complex domain of several levels. Educ. In the past, a number of people were excluded from citizenship on the basis of sex, socioeconomic class, ethnicity, religion, and other factors. (Discourse Analysis, p. 250) autoethnography An autoethnography is a study of the self over a long period of time. Psychol. Teach. These were: My hair is bad today, I am still in my pajamas, and I am in my bedroom in the garage. [35] The researchers used an experiment to reach their goal which was to test nine theoretical relevant attributes of hypothetical immigrants. Sci. I like speaking face-to-face and interacting with my students in a classroom and lecturing environment and therefore, using the online platform was not ideal for that social interaction. %%EOF
International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE), n.d. American Psychological Association (2012), https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED554557.pdf, https://issuu.com/educationinternational/docs/2020_research_covid-19_eng, https://www.learning-theories.com/communities-of-practice-lave-and-wenger.html, https://www.education.govt.nz/news/covid-19-update-for-2/, https://www.education.govt.nz/covid-19/advice-for-tertiary-providerswhare-wananga/, https://www.education.govt.nz/covid-19/advice-for-tertiary-students/, https://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/populations/maori-health/maori-health-models/maori-health-models-te-whare-tapa-wha, https://www.health.govt.nz/news-media/news-items/covid-19-media-update-23-march, https://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/diseases-and-conditions/covid-19-novel-coronavirus, https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/economics/oecd-forum-2007_9789264064638-en;jsessionid=57e8cf3tjvxq.delta, https://hundred.org/en/collections/qualityeducation-for-all-during-coronavirus, https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2011/05/12/the-social-life-of-health-information-2011/, http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/04/09/mobile-access-shifts-social-media-use-and-other-online-activities.amani, https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/08/sg_policy_brief_covid-19_and_education_august_2020.pdf, https://webster-dictionary.org/definition/livelihood, https://www.who.int/news/item/30-03-2020-who-releases-guidelines-to-help-countries-maintain-essential-health-services-during-the-covid-19-pandemic. Autoethnography is a self-reflective form of writing used across various disciplines such as communication Convinced that he is a supernatural being, she takes him back and raises him. Also, it was confirmed that the more time spent in a new country would result in becoming more accustomed to the dominate countries aspects of characteristics. Dual nationality is when a single person has a formal relationship with two separate, sovereign states. [36] The survey contained a sample of 169 international students attending a coeducational public university. Linley, P. A. This article aims to provide insights from the professional self-observation and self-reflective practice of two HE lecturers in New Zealand, to inform future institution-based policy and procedures, locally and farther afield. 0000003499 00000 n
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5XY`;686ESTZZLnSLVLHn Marriage practices and spiritual ceremonies were banned, and spiritual leaders were imprisoned. Nationality, with its historical origins in allegiance to a sovereign monarch, was seen originally as a permanent, inherent, unchangeable condition, and later, when a change of allegiance was permitted, as a strictly exclusive relationship, so that becoming a national of one state required rejecting the previous state. WebExamples: autoethnography of ones teaching, innovative teaching materials, curricula, development of new courses, or development of a new pedagogical framework. We note that future research on student lifestyle, livelihood and HE experience during pandemic times would further enhance teaching and learning pedagogical practice in HE institutions. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. I think our students were not at the stage where they were fully independent and able to manage study by themselves. [3], The rights and duties of nationals vary from state to state,[4] and are often complemented by citizenship law, in some contexts to the point where citizenship is synonymous with nationality. 0000020065 00000 n
[13], In the Greek view, the mythic past had deep roots in historic time, its legends treated as facts, as Carlo Brillante has noted,[14] its heroic protagonists seen as links between the "age of origins" and the mortal, everyday world that succeeded it. In a study by Viola Angelini, "Life Satisfaction of Immigrant: Does cultural assimilation matter? Building a Metacognitive Model of Reflection. For example: Julius Caesar and his relatives claimed Aeneas (and through Aeneas, the goddess Venus) as an ancestor. Available at: https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/08/sg_policy_brief_covid-19_and_education_august_2020.pdf. Available at: http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/04/09/mobile-access-shifts-social-media-use-and-other-online-activities.amani (Accessed December 16, 2020), Pocock, B., Williams, P., and Skinner, N. (2012). For example, children who were brought to the US illegally when quite young and grew up there while having little contact with their native country and their culture often have a national identity of feeling American, despite legally being nationals of a different country. Covid-19 Update. Annas, and Hanas personal experiences during the Covid-19 pandemic forced them to manoeuvre through uncertainty to deliver and support student learning. A new reality was the video conferencing calls. Much of the existing work has recognised strengths; it frequently applies multidisciplinary perspectives, multiple methods, and a cross-national perspective which we would expect to take up in lockdown times (Kong and Song, 2014; Zimlich, 2015; Bhakta and Dutta, 2016). The same research indicates that increased use of technology can severally affect the thinking ability of students, reduce the face-to-face interaction between educator and student that provides a more personal experience, and result in a lack of interest in learning as everything is accessible through data saved in a computer or on mobile devices. Online student assessments were documented as requiring a lot of trial and error, with uncertainty and confusion occurring among the teachers, parents, and students. (2013) provide an illustrative example of how grounded theory can be used to explore novel or understudied topics. XUf7aGR Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. For example, in their role as educators, they were required to plan, prepare, and deliver undergraduate paper content, to review and update content in accordance with evidence-based practice, to design and deliver appropriate assessment tasks, to mark and grade assessments with feedback, and to record and report on student outcomes and progress. Teens, Social media & Technology Overview 2015: Smartphones Facilitate Shifts in Communication Landscape for Teens. Voydanoff, P. (2007). I would have been brought up in the therapeutic perspective conformed to and reverse the sentence are in fact they are associated with several digits, for example. [42], The following list includes states in which parents are able to confer nationality on their children or spouses. Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). (2001). Access to electronic hardware and software (livelihood), and some semblance of normal (wellbeing) are essential to provide reassurance and direction, for students and lecturers alike. In the first example, though, the statement is so exaggerated that even the reader who is neutral on the issue may feel it necessary to defend the media. Positive Adaptation to Trauma: Wisdom as Both Process and Outcome. The beginning of the 21st century has also marked a massive era of immigration, and sociologists are once again trying to make sense of the impacts that immigration has on society and on the immigrants themselves. According to this principle, citizenship is awarded if the parent(s) of the person are citizens of that country. Bhakta, K., and Dutta, N. (2016). Lin, W., and Yang, S. (2011). I had a strong sense of relief and gratitude that I had used this backup system many times so I felt reassured and confident that I could deliver course content remotely, although quite how and when, I was not sure. As of July 2020, 98.6% of learners worldwide were affected by the pandemic, representing 1.725 billion children and youth, from pre-primary to higher education, in 200 countries (United Nations, 2020). In the current era, persons native to Taiwan who hold passports of Republic of China are one example. 18 (2), 167173. Time: Relative to the timeframes within which information, restrictions, and resources were disseminated to staff and students pre, during, and post lockdown. Those who migrated to the colonies on their own volition were drawn by the allure of cheap land, high wages, and the freedom of conscience in British North America. Halupa, C. (2016). The emotional expression for this individual includes excitement, happiness, eagerness, and euphoria. 0000011646 00000 n
7Iy[`1b#-[>|]F5>~>~.nC-,6[,vw4\nz,?udEF
>k$r%>}wC?iDJ02I'#IJ)H:J$]$FddD$J$ $U"iJHri?`HjdVO:])1u7cntRf.n`\m In New Zealand, whoever was in the dwelling when lockdown was imposed (11.59 pm, March 25, 2020), constituted a home bubble. "[16], A notable example is the myth of the foundation of Romethe tale of Romulus and Remus, which Virgil in turn broadens in his Aeneid with the odyssey of Aeneas and his razing of Lavinium, and his son Iulus's later relocation and rule of the famous twins' birthplace Alba Longa, and their descent from his royal line, thus fitting perfectly into the already established canon of events. The schools actively worked to alienate children from their cultural roots. African Charter on The Rights and Welfare of the Child, 1990, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKaur_[2001]_C-192/99 (, Slezkine, Yuri (Summer 1994) "The USSR as a Communal Apartment, or How a Socialist State Promoted Ethnic Particularism", United States Code, Title 8 (Aliens and Nationality), Chapter 12 (Immigration and Nationality), Part I (Nationality at Birth and Collective Naturalization), 1401 (Nationals and Citizens of United States at Birth), Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons, Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Council of Europe Convention on the Avoidance of Statelessness in Relation to State Succession, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, All forms of British nationalities except British Citizen, Hong Kong Document of Identity for Visa Purposes, Macao Special Administrative Region Travel Permit, List of adjectival and demonymic forms for countries and nations, Convention on Certain Questions Relating to the Conflict of Nationality Laws, "Convention and Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees", "Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons", "Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness", https://www.un.org/en/africa/osaa/pdf/au/afr_charter_rights_welfare_child_africa_1990.pdf, "OAS - Organization of American States: Democracy for peace, security, and development", "Refworld | Arab Charter on Human Rights", "OHCHR | Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women", "OHCHR | International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination", "OHCHR | Convention on the Rights of the Child", "OHCHR | International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights", "17.
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