Conformity to social roles as investigated by Zimbardo. In addition Zimbardo did conduct debriefing sessions for several years afterwards and concluded they were no lasting negative effects. This refers to the amount of social power held by the person (authority figure) who gives the instruction. Adorno found many significant correlations (e.g. Types of conformity: internalisation, identification and compliance. Allow Necessary Cookies & Continue In the study, the pps believed they were following orders given by an authority figure. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. This is linked with the uniform factor, as a uniform conveys a sense of legitimacy and authority. The relational model of authority: Social categorization effects on the psychology of legitimacy. Dispositional explanation for obedience: the Authoritarian Personality. It has been included in the discussion of legitimate forms of social organization and legitimate forms of political action. 1. There are also sampling issues regarding this study as the study was only carried out on men thus the sample was gender bias and therefore the results cannot be applied to females. [_social_login] legitimacy of authority psychology 7. VAT reg no 816865400. Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. The strength of the bias to obey a legitimate authority figure comes from systemic socialization practices designed to instill the perception that such obedience constitutes correct behavior, and that genuine authority figures usually possess higher degrees of knowledge, wisdom and power. Thus supporting this as an explanation for obedience. Social Influence Multiple Choice QuestionsPart 2, Question about psychology advanced info (aqa) , AQA A level psychology autumn 2020 papers , has anyone got the questions for aqa psychology 2020 paper 1 , Cultural differences- it reflect different social hierarchies. Created on: 07-11-19 08:53; 3. Explanations for obedience: agentic state and legitimacy of authority, and situational variables supports/refutes this theory and then describe the research study. Can we generalize from studies on animals to humans as their anatomy & physiology is different from humans? Legitimacy of Authority. Specialist terminology is either absent or inappropriately used OR one theory only at Level 1/2. (2000) Psychology for AS level, Hove, Psychology Press Cox, E. (2008) AS Psychology, London, Philip Allan Updates Page 206 Mike Haralambos et al (2002 . real -life legitimacy of authority justifies harming others as people authorise another person as capable of making their judgements for them so their own judgements don't matter hence they will carry out harmful acts on another person's say so, for example My Lai village where 500 unarmed elderly, women and children were killed on a commander's instructions If the question says 'Discuss research into obedience', then mention Milgram's . tomtyler@socrates.berkeley.edu PMID: 15661667 Abstract Legitimacy is a psychological property of an authority, institution, or social arrangement that leads those connected to it to believe that it is appropriate, proper, and just. Evaluating situational explanations of obedience - Legitimacy of Authority. ecological validity. For example, juveniles accused of federal crimes are no longer housed before trial with adult prisoners (due to the risk of violence against them). We're available through e-mail, live chat and Facebook. Author T R Tyler 1 Affiliation 1 Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley 94720-1650, USA. Paper 1. The answer as a whole lacks clarity, has many inaccuracies and is poorly organised. Variables affecting conformity Helps explain why obedience leads to real life war crimes- My Lai massacre in terms of the power hierarchy of the US Army. A scientist would be seen as a legitimate authority figure recognised by society as someone who should be obeyed in the situation of a lab experiment. The traditional goal of legal authorities has been to obtain widespread public compliance with the law and legal directives. Watch popular content from the following creators: Wilfred(@wilfy03), Dr Paul(@drpaul_psych_made_simple), Mia (@miaxnicola), Lauren(@laurenlogic), Graham - Everything Money! Moreover, there are ethical issues regarding Aschs study Mention deception as participants were told the study was about perception of lines. This essay plan includes detailed information about the agentic state and legitimacy of authority as well as five in depth evaluation points following the PEEL structure (poin. Highlight the value that Milgrams work has provided to social Psychology. Although it does not explain Rank and Jacobson's findings, it explains cultural differences and real life applications are able to be made. . . Animal research also raises the issue of extrapolation. (a) apply knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas, processes, techniques and procedures: This skill area tests knowledge of research design and data analysis, and applying theoretical . It also highlights how we can all be blind to obedience often doing things without question. When people choose . develop and refine practical design and procedures. A strength of the study is that it used a standardised procedure because it was a lab experiment. EXTENSION: Legitimate authority can further be seen when we consider the physical environment as a legitimate situation, since the obedience rate of 65% (original experiment) dropped to 47.5% when the experiment was moved to a run down office block. An objection to Agency Theory . 806 8067 22, Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE. Hence, the psychology of legitimacy involves both instrumental and relational elements. For example, America is an. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. someone who is perceived to be in a position of social control within a situation. Legitimacy of authority: This explanation suggests that people will obey someone they perceive to be 'above' them in the social hierarchy, and therefore think they have the right to give orders. a theory go on to describe a piece of research evidence saying, Xs study Psychology?One to one online tuition can be a . understanding of psychology to everyday/real-life examples. Discussion and/or application is limited, poorly focused or absent. Company Reg no: 04489574. Informal authority is based on the individual having attributes that facilitate achievement of a group Therefore, the violence the children witnessed was on television and was A limitation is that this study lacked ecological validity as it was carried out in a lab under artificial conditions. This means that it might not be possible to generalise the finding to a real life setting, as people do not usually receive orders to hurt another person in real life. Approaches To Human Behaviour; . We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. This study explained why interpersonal injustice enacted by representatives of an authority might undermine perceived legitimacy of the actual authority. 214 High Street, Authority Authority means the legitimate or acceptable use of power. Prod 2: the experiment requires you to continue. Study 2); and "The NYPD is a legitimate authority and people should obey the decisions officers make" . Boston House, Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! THE PROXIMITY AND LEGITIMACY OF THE AUTHORITY FIGURE: This was supported by Milgram's research where he showed that levels of obedience fell when he removed the legitimate authority figure by dressing the experimenter more casually and removing his white coat. People enter an ____ when carrying out orders of an authority figure (7, 5) 4. E.g. Contextualising how the topic in question relates to LS23 6AD informational social influence and normative social influence. Legitimacy of authority is an explanation of obedience offered by Milgram. Explanations for obedience: agentic state and legitimacy of authority, and situational variables affecting obedience including proximity, location and uniform, as investigated by Milgram. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. This is good because it improves the reliability of the study and also helps establish a causal relationship. Authoritative connotes legitimate authority based on knowledge and expertise. What the spec says: Explanations for obedience: agentic state and legitimacy of authority, and situational variables affecting obedience including proximity, location and uniform, as investigated by Milgram. Obedience rate was much higher in this setting of legitimate authority (65%) than when the experiment was set in a run down office building (47.5%). Similar Psychology resources: Legitimacy of authority. 0.0 / 5. This is significant because they recognised legitimate authority as the cause of obedience therefore supporting Milgram's explanation for obedience.However, other research shows that the behaviours of the Nazis cannot be explained in terms of authority and an agentic shift. Menu. Sometimes the authority of a police officer is only uniform deep. Hide Show resource information. This is linked with the uniform factor, as a uniform conveys a sense of legitimacy and authority. If PsychBoost is helping in your studies, consider https://www.patreon.com/psychboost - I'm making A-level psych perks for patreons!Agentic state and legitim. are laboratory experiments and therefore criticisable on the grounds of lacking . . Authority is often defined as legitimate power, and contrasted to pure power. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Unpublished manuscript, University of California, Berkeley. Continue with Recommended Cookies. 1997;1 (4):323-45. doi: 10.1207/s15327957pspr0104_4. Need help with . 7 hours ago 7 hours ago . Milgram only used males in his study and this means we cannot generalise the results to females. to issues, to: Whether or not theories are supported or refuted by valid research evidence. These questions cover: explanations for obedience: agentic state and legitimacy of authority, and situational variables affecting obedience including proximity, location and uniform, as investigated by Milgram Essential Revision Materials for A Level Students n. the capacity to influence others either directly or indirectly. For this topic it's really important to read the question carefully to see specifically what it's asking you. Legitimacy is a psychological property of an authority, institution, or social arrangement that leads those connected to it to believe that it is appropriate, proper, and just. This means the study's findings cannot be reasonably generalized to real life, such as prison settings. People don't want to be rude or offend the authority. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page. collectivist cultures (such as Asian countries), How To Write AQA Psychology Essays for 16 Marker Questions, How To Answer AQA Psychology Short Context Questions, How to Answer Design a Study Research Methods Questions, Research Methods Exam Questions and Answers, Research Methods Exam Questions and Answers (48 marks), Research Methods Exam Questions and Answers (24 marks). In another variation, the observation was moved from the prestigious ivy league university to a seedy office in a run-down city. Copyright Get Revising 2022 all rights reserved. Researchers think several factors cause people to carry obedience to extremes: People justify their behavior by assigning responsibility to the authority rather than themselves. For example, one prisoner had to be released after 36 hours because of uncontrollable bursts of screaming, crying and anger. Psychology; Obedience; A2/A-level; AQA; . Legitimacy of authority is an explanation of obedience offered by Milgram. (AO1) In these studies, participants obeyed an authority figure by giving electric shocks to a learner. To gain marks for criticising studys methodologies the (@grahamdavid), Steve Rathje - Psychology(@stevepsychology), Mindcape(@mindcape), Steve Rathje - Psychology(@stevepsychology . 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West Yorkshire, The study may also lack population validity as the sample comprised US male students. Also, the prisoners did not consent to being 'arrested' at home. 2. against a doll not a human. Prod 3: It is absolutely essential that you continue. Legitimacy of authority. 'Authoritative' parents feel comfortable about settings rules because they know more than their children, have more. Different societies vary the terms of this dimension. In politics, authority is often used interchangeably with the term "power".However, their meanings differ. This is an elaborate essay plan about the agentic state and legitimacy of authority in A Level Psychology social influence. This provides evidence that legitimate authority is a relevant explanation of obedience. 5. people in certain positions hold auhtority over the rest of us such as parents teachers and bouncers. General criticisms and/or strengths of theories and studies. Legitimacy of Authority. Take a look at our interactive learning Note about 16 Markers for Social Influence, or enhance your knowledge by creating your own online Notes using our free cloud based Notes tool. The study has received many ethical criticisms, including lack of fully informed consent by participants as Zimbardo himself did not know what would happen in the experiment (it was unpredictable). 0.0 / 5. Evaluating situational explanations of obedience - Legitimacy of Authority. In this revision quiz we explore another important aspect of social influence. Authority and Legitimacy. However, in Zimbardo's defence the emotional distress experienced by the prisoners could not have been predicted from the outset. The authority that they have is legitimate in the sense that it is agreed in society. Another problem is that the sample was biased. The notion of authority is one of the most controversial concepts found in legal and political philosophy. Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. Interpersonal authority Political authority. The first condition needed for a person to shift to the agentic state is the perception of a legitimate authority, i.e. Because the guards and prisoners were playing a role their behavior may not be influenced by the same factors which affect behavior in real life. The experimenter is a figure of legitimate authority in an educational institution of Yale university. University of California, Berkeley 94720-1650, USA, Effective use of terminology ( use the terms. Offered by Milgram & # x27 ; s uniform social hierarchy a strength of the study revealed. 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