For decades liberals sought a system of universal health care that would protect all Americans from the pain of illness and burdensome medical bills. Acknowledging financial constraints to enforcing the right to health within poor-resource settings, some scholars explicitly call for international assistance for health as a way of strengthening the right to health component of UHC [62, 64]. To guarantee a comprehensive right to health, the legal obligation of the state needs to reach beyond mere health service provision to include deliberate efforts to advance improvements in structures which are recognized to act as important social determinants of health such as, education, housing, sanitation and portable water as well as equitable gender and power relations [5860]. I also thank all the colleagues who supported the effort to secure it, and the various . Backman G, Hunt P, Khosla R, Jaramillo-Strouss C, Fikre BM, Rumble C, et al. This situation is even more serious in LIMCs, where states find it difficult to raise sufficient revenues to finance health care for their legal citizenry. At the household level, a quantitative measure of financial protection is the proportion of households incurring OOP healthcare expenditure exceeding 40% of their households non-subsistence (i.e., non-food) expenditure [85] or 10% of total household expenditure [86]. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Age-standardised survival rates for the most common types of cancer remain several percentage points below rates achieved in most other developed countries, and such differences translate into thousands of lives lost. For instance, we saw the need for instant hospitals to be constructed in Wuhan, owing to the lack of healthcare resources available. Background paper for the global symposium on health systems research. Considering its interactive facets, it can be concluded that UHC emerges from the literature as a multi-dimensional concept, operationalized in terms of population coverage of health-related social security systems, financial protection, and access to quality health care according to need [17], and pursued within the framework of health care as an international legal obligation grounded in international human rights laws [45, 46, 48, 49]. President Bill Clinton spent a good chunk of political capital on an attempt at health insurance reform in 1994, but progressives split over whether an employer mandate should be used to force universal coverage. Initiative for African Trade and Prosperity, SMPC votes six / three to raise Bank Rate in December. The United States was also founded on ethical principles like justice and equity. These days similar claims are being increasingly made by those who think that "the richest country . McIntyre D, Thiede M, Birch S. Access as a policy-relevant concept in low- and middle-income countries. This is because they believe that lack of funding is the issue, as opposed to the model itself. Yates R. Universal health care and the removal of user fees. Universal health care is the idea that everyone within a country should have access to medical services without fear of cost. When President Barack Obama took up the issue of health insurance reform, progressives sought to avoid the problems that plagued the reform efforts in the 1994 debate. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Health insurance and other risk-coping strategies in Uganda. Hammonds R, Ooms G. The emergence of a global right to health norm - the unresolved case of universal access to quality emergency obstetric care. A fundamental question for debate is - can UHC be achieved without the inclusion . Lower mortality rates. Ensor T, Cooper S. Overcoming barriers to health service access: influencing the demand side. The case of Microcare Insurance Ltd. Kruk ME, Goldmann E, Galea S. Borrowing and selling to pay for health care in low- and middle-income countries. This paper discusses the various dimensions of UHC emerging from these interpretations and argues for the need to pay attention to the complex interactions across the various components of a health system in the pursuit of UHC as a legal human rights issue. Healthcare Debate Topics Universal healthcare means that all people are provided medical care, such as doctor's visits or prescriptions, free of charge, paid by everybody's taxes. The public-versus-private debate on health care is similarly divisive on the international stage. Inspired by the WHO framework, our conceptual reasoning is that advancing UHC requires a healthy interaction across the three coverage dimensions: population coverage, financial protection and access to health services, held together by the view of health as a legal human right. This is to be expected, in the past decade alone, the government healthcare budget has increased from $3.7bn to $11.3bn (kudos to a rapidly ageing population). 727 Words. In international comparisons of health system performance, the NHS almost always ranks in the bottom third, on a par with the Czech Republic and Slovenia. Based on this Resolution, WHO defined UHC as access to key promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative health interventions for all at an affordable cost, thereby achieving equity in access [6]. Universal healthcare is a topic that has been discussed and argued for many years. Campus-wide day of service gets students engaged with the Fort Worth community, Froggie 5-0 walking escort system prioritizes student safety, Its incredibly important. TCU nursing distributes flu vaccines at 15th annual clinic, Local business supports TCU organizations through profit shares, 9,000 miles from home, TCU punter Jordy Sandy is making a difference in Fort Worth, When TCU went home: Revisiting the Pandemic (Part 2), Cowtown designer displays Big Bend Collection at Fashion Week, When TCU went home: Revisiting the Pandemic (Part 1), TCU helps students dress for success with a free business attire pop-up shop, Collaboration, awareness: Strategies of the Fort Worth Police Human Trafficking Unit. A multicountry analysis. We use cookies to offer you a better browsing experience, analyse website traffic and personalise content. Affordability, availability and acceptability barriers to health care for the chronically ill: longitudinal case studies from South Africa. Holmes D. Margaret Chan: committed to universal health coverage. Health financing to promote access in low income settingshow much do we know? [2] As a global issue, international assistance based on the principle of global solidarity is indispensable in the move towards UHC in LMICs. With the establishment of Medicare and Medicaid, progressives hoped they had broken through not so. A comparative assessment of disease-specific interventions in India. But what are the pros and cons of a healthcare system thats free at the point of deliver? The Lancet Universal health coverage post-2015: putting people first. However, their arguments have been further amplified as a result of the tumultuous 2020 presidential election and the COVID-19 pandemic. Aday LA, Andersen R. A framework for the study of access to medical care. Starr wrote that if Americans came to know one thing about the history of battles over health insurance, it was that a government program to make health care a right of citizenship had always been defeated.. Brcena A. They sought agreement on one of the most divisive issues in America's history. Balancing the economy: The hand of government or the invisible hand? Advantages of Universal Health Care 1. Brnighausen T, Sauerborn R. One hundred and eighteen years of the German health insurance system. Joint WHO/World Bank Group Discussion Paper. Therefore, programs like Obamacare that promote universal healthcare are essential for upholding the premises of the Constitution. Whether healthcare should be completely free or not is a controversial argument. Ravindran TS. https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/09/10/909688913/whatever-happened-to-the-instant-hospitals-built-in-wuhan-for-covid-19-patients, 2020 UWCSEA Dover. Arnold C, Theede J, Gagnon A. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, WHO . Victora C, Saracci R, Olsen J. We adapted the WHO framework [2] to guide the presentation of our synthesis of the conceptual debates currently being advanced in the literature. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child: An Introduction -A Middle School Unit (Grades 68). Working Group on Financing | PAPER 4. BMC Health Serv Res. In: Kaul I, Stern M, Grunberg I, editors. In international comparisons of health system performance, the NHS almost always ranks in the bottom . Lower Overall Costs. The proportion of total health care expenditure incurred through OOP payments is normally used as an indicator of financial protection at the national level [2]. I am pleased to have the opportunity to say a few words about universal health coverage. Household catastrophic health expenditure. The view of UHC as a legal obligation imposed on all states that ratified the convention on the right to health [45], implies that UHC calls for all States to create legal entitlements to health care for all their residents [50, 55, 56], thereby placing the responsibility for the delivery of UHC on national governments [5, 17, 57]. Healthcare is the exception to this rule. The common ground regarding universal healthcare debate requires that citizens contribute some amount to the healthcare . National Library of Medicine Coupling reform with deficit reduction, championing the originally Republican idea of the individual mandate and dropping advocacy for a government-run public option meant that Democrats sought compromise on the bill. Municipal Services Project, Occasional Paper No 20 - November 2013. In 2005, the concept of UHC was once again acknowledged and for the first time explicitly endorsed by the World Health Assembly (WHA) as the goal of sustainable health care financing [6]. An illustration of a magnifying glass. Calls for massive reform in healthcare have long been the center of debate. Facts regarding France's System: Health care spending was 11% of GDP in 2016. For example, administrative expenses alone make up 8% of the nation's total healthcare costs. Kristian studied Economics at the Humboldt Universitt zu Berlin and the Universidad de Salamanca, graduating in 2007 as. Early ideas for government-led health insurance programs came from Europe. A group of scholars, building their opinions from a legal and human rights perspective, enshrined in various international covenants and treaties [4549], argue that the concept of UHC implies the existence of a legal framework to ensure that every resident gets access to affordable health care [15, 50, 51]. From a governments perspective, it is more economically efficient to increase population health by subsidising widely used healthcare facilities. Public healthcare systems across the world have been stretched to their limit, yet many countries feel . The notion of creating a common fund for UHC also recognizes the transnational nature of emerging global health problems and the inherent global interdependency needed to deal with such problems [67]. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. A postmortem of the Truss/Kwarteng project, Socialism: The Failed Idea That Never Dies. Real access, is further defined as access in relation to the availability of health services, personnel and facilities; geographical accessibility of health services; acceptability defined in relation to appropriate client-provider interactions, timeliness, appropriateness and quality of services; and affordability in terms of medical and transport costs of services relative to clients ability-to-pay [73, 80, 95106]. DAmbruoso L. Global health post-2015: the case for universal health equity. The third global health transition? What could a strengthened right to health bring to the post-2015 health development agenda? This, they argue, can be implemented through the establishment of a global fund to finance UHC [65] thereby presenting health as a global public good [66]. President Harry Truman started a debate over US public healthcare in 1945. Democrats claim that the health care plan provides much needed health coverage . Jamison DT, Summers LH, Alleyne G, Arrow KJ, Berkley S, Binagwaho A, et al. Healthcare systems across the world were pushed beyond their limits to mitigate the effects of the virus. The Swiss system shows that even substantial levels of out-of-pocket patient charges need not be regressive, and that people can be trusted to choose sensibly from a variety of health insurance plans. As a health economics concept, UHC guarantees financial protection by providing a shield against the catastrophic and impoverishing consequences of out-of-pocket expenditure, through the implementation of pooled prepaid financing systems. That requires the collaboration of IT developers, healthcare leaders, AI researchers, and governmental entities. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008. WHO | World Health Report 2013: research for universal health coverage. However, there is only one category in the Commonwealth Fund study which looks at health outcomes, and in that category, the NHS ranks, once again, second to last. Each side has some pretty logical and reasonable points to debate about. If you are searching for Healthcare Debate Topics, I believe the below topics will enable you to find an ideal topic to discuss. The Economic Cost of Universal Health Care is Low. This eventually resulted in the . Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. The prospect of universal healthcare in America brings out a great deal of arguments from both sides of the political spectrum. In 1912, progressives within the Republican Party established the Progressive Party that included in its platform support for social health insurance. Kingston et al. There are several reasons why universal healthcare has entered the public debate. After the shock of the COVID 19 pandemic, the world awoke to the harsh reality that is the incompetency of its public healthcare systems. The goal of UHC and the responsibility of moving towards it, therefore, need to be mandated by national laws [4, 61, 62]. Do all U.S. citizens have a right to access healthcare, regardless of their position in a free market system? The Lancet Commission on Investing in Health reports that this goal can be progressively attained by 2035 [34]. The opposing scholars call for a focus on primary health care [7, 15, 94], to the extent that Yates [74] calls for a clear timetable, proposing 2015 as deadline, for the achievement of universal access to primary health care. Historian and sociologist Paul Starr wrote in his book,Remedy and Reaction: The Peculiar American Struggle over Health Care Reform, that efforts to provide all Americans access to medical care and protect them from economic ruin have long been a liberal inspiration.. The Dutch system shows that a successful health system needs no state-owned hospitals, no state hospital planning and no hospital subsidies.
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