It's common for larger applications to "code-split" features into separate bundles, and then "lazy load" them on demand as the feature is used for the first time. fixedCacheKey option. Once we call a mutation endpoint that is defined to invalidate this tag, all of the query endpoints that have this tag will automatically refetch and update the cache (the store). We initially faked that feature by adding a "Refresh Notifications" button, and having it make an HTTP GET request for more notifications entries. The RTK Query docs have a table that describes what will happen if certain general/specific tag combinations are invalidated. When we dispatch that action, the return value is a patchResult object. For example, filter state, search term, toggle state, pagination state, etc. Previously, we had a normalized lookup table for all of our notifications, and the UI selected those as a single sorted array. The API slice object includes a updateQueryData util function that lets us update cached values. So, this would result in three separate copies of this Todo being cached in the Redux store. However, this is not the same thing as a "normalized cache" - we only transformed how this one response is stored rather than deduplicating results across endpoints or requests. We need to update that to import the extended API slice instead: Alternately, you could just export the specific endpoints themselves from the slice file. We said that RTK Query normally has a single "API slice" per application, and so far we've defined all of our endpoints directly in apiSlice.js. Our final feature is the notifications tab. Refetching data when necessary (and syncing with the cache). It's worth stepping back for a minute to discuss what we just did further. There is one caveat here. Fortunately, RTK Query lets us define specific tags, which let us be more selective in invalidating data. You should also see how RTK Query can simplify the process of fetching and using cached data. The use of mutations is a bit different compared to the original Mutations - RTK Query guide. RTK Query provides an option to share results across mutation hook instances using the fixedCacheKey option. You can look at the examples from this repository. Go to the main , and click one of the reactions to see what happens. We're going to repurpose this slice to instead store "metadata" objects that describe the read/unread status. For example, I have two components. Any useMutation hooks with the same fixedCacheKey string will share results between each other Refer to useMutation for an extensive list of all returned properties. Another would be to store the entire response data in the cache, but have our components specify just a specific piece of that cached data that they need. Typically, the usage pattern is: Our mock Websocket server file exposes a forceGenerateNotifications method to mimic pushing data out to the client. RTK Query allows multiple components to subscribe to the same data, and will ensure that each unique set of data is only fetched once. There has to be one API slice per app for RTKQ to work best. You should now have a solid understanding of what Redux Toolkit and React-Redux are, how to write and organize Redux logic, Redux data flow and usage with React, and how to use APIs like configureStore and createSlice. Try adding an appearsIn field to the hero object in the query, and see the new result. Setting Up RTK Query Our example application already works, but now it's time to migrate all of the async logic over to use RTK Query. We've already seen that we can get the entire list of posts with useGetPostsQuery() and then transform it in the component, such as sorting inside of a useMemo. We need to add the Redux slice reducer and a custom middleware that was auto-generated when creating the API slice to the Redux store. For more info, check out: Defining an API slice. Let's see this in action! When we clicked on "Edit Post", the component was unmounted by the router, and the active subscription was removed due to unmounting. This is a very basic example of taking a JWT from a login mutation, then setting that in our store. Copyright 20152022 Dan Abramov and the Redux documentation authors. In Part 6: Performance and Normalization, we discussed reasons why it's useful to store data in a normalized structure. That means you can change it as you like and see the new result. Defining an API Slice // when data is received from the socket connection to the server, // update our query result with the received message, // Insert all received notifications from the websocket. For a small update like adding a reaction, we probably don't need to re-fetch the entire list of posts. That being said, each step will still include its own tests to demonstrate that an app written with RTK Query is perfectly testable. Thanks for reading through this tutorial, and we hope you enjoy building applications with Redux! RTK Query provides an option to share results across mutation hook instances using the We're currently defining a fetchUsers async thunk in usersSlice.js, and dispatching that thunk manually in index.js so that the list of users is available as soon as possible. We've added a transformResponse option to the getUsers endpoint. There may still be regular reducers in apps that fully leverage RTKQ (non createApi reducers). For the getPost example, we could have transformResponse: (responseData) => responseData.post, and it would cache just the actual Post object instead of the entire body of the response. The example has some intentionally wonky behavior when editing the name of a post, there is a decent chance you'll get a random error. // Invalidates all queries that subscribe to this Post `id` only. If we inspect the API slice object, it includes an endpoints field, with one endpoint object inside for each endpoint we've defined. This example dispatches a setCredentials action to store the user and token information. It utilizes Redux under the hood and is built on top of Redux Tool k it (RTK). However, we were previously adding the read/unread fields on the client side in our notificationsSlice reducer when we received the entries, and now the notification entries are being kept in the RTK Query cache. On my api I have two mutations and strangely, one of them does trigger the refetch but the other doesn't and I have no clue why. Next Steps This example only. But if I want to use React Hooks to make the call I'll need the result from the login mutation beforehand. /* Temporarily ignore adapter - we'll use this again shortly, const usersAdapter = createEntityAdapter(), const initialState = usersAdapter.getInitialState(), // Calling `someEndpoint.select(someArg)` generates a new selector that will return. That depends on knowing the most recent notification timestamp, so we add a thunk we can dispatch that reads the latest timestamp from the cache state and tells the mock server to generate newer notifications. of whether the hooks are called within the same component, or different components. In the previous example, we just asked for the name of our hero which returned a String, but fields can also refer to Objects. The query callback may also return an object containing the URL, the HTTP method to use and a request body. For more info, check out: Usage Without React Hooks. With that in place, let's update to use this mutation. // In this case, `getPost` will be re-run. Time to get to the crux of this tutorial, which is learning how to use React - Query in a project to fetch and mutate data from an API. For more details on using RTK Query, see the RTK Query usage guide docs and API reference. This video is not forcing anything on you. RTK Query Examples Examples Overview We have a variety of examples that demonstrate various aspects of using RTK Query. // no-op in case `cacheEntryRemoved` resolves before `cacheDataLoaded`, // in which case `cacheDataLoaded` will throw, // cacheEntryRemoved will resolve when the cache subscription is no longer active, // perform cleanup steps once the `cacheEntryRemoved` promise resolves, // Hardcode a call to the mock server to simulate a server push scenario over websockets, // Dispatch an additional action so we can track "read" state, // Add client-side metadata for tracking new notifications, // Any notifications we've read are no longer new, '../features/notifications/notificationsSlice', // Trigger initial fetch of notifications and keep the websocket open to receive updates, a table that describes what will happen if certain general/specific tag combinations are invalidated, How to use tags with IDs to manage cache invalidation and refetching, How to work with the RTK Query cache outside of React, Techniques for manipulating response data, Implementing optimistic updates and streaming updates, The same primary query/mutation hook that we exported from the root API slice object, but named as, For query endpoints, an additional set of query hooks for scenarios like "lazy queries" or partial subscriptions, A fully normalized shared-across-queries cache is a, We don't have the time, resources, or interest in trying to solve that right now, In many cases, simply re-fetching data when it's invalidated works well and is easier to understand, At a minimum, RTKQ can help solve the general use case of "fetch some data", which is a big pain point for a lot of people, Keep original response in cache, read full result in component and derive values, Keep original response in cache, read derived result with, Transform response before storing in cache, Create a server-side data subscription like a Websocket, Endpoints can provide or invalidate cache tags based on results and arg cache keys, Endpoint objects include functions for initating requests, generating result selectors, and matching request action objects, Components can read an entire value and transform with. This can be useful if you wish to determine whether the mutation succeeds/fails inline at the call-site. In this video we will explore the Redux Toolkit RTK Query Mutations and Auto-fetching in detail with example. If Component B then mounts and also calls useGetPostQuery(42), it's the exact same data being requested. Let's start by taking a look at the code for the useGetTodos.js file. In the real world, it's very common that a developer would want to resync their local data cache with the server after performing a mutation (aka "revalidation"). If we were to transform the response data to be stored using a normalized approach, we could simplify that to directly find the user by ID. If we click "Save Post" while editing, it returns us to the , but it's still showing the old data without the edits. Now that we're fetching data for RTK Query's cache, we should replace those selectors with equivalents that read from the cache instead. If you do need them, you can spread the original result value to include them in the output. Normally you should stick with using the hooks, but here we're going to work with the user data using just the RTK Query core API so you can see how to use it. The is still using the cached Post entry that was fetched earlier. Uh-oh. This Promise will resolve when the request returns, and either fulfill or reject based on the request. When you click on a "View Post" button, you should see a second request to /posts/:postId that returns that single post entry. The options object also contains an updateCachedData util function, and two lifecycle Promises - cacheDataLoaded and cacheEntryRemoved. There's a couple ways that we could handle this conceptually. Like with onQueryStarted, the onCacheEntryAdded lifecycle handler receives the arg cache key as its first parameter, and an options object with the thunkApi values as the second parameter. mutation hook instance you wish to share results. Copyright 20152022 Dan Abramov and the Redux documentation authors. By calling usersAdapter.setAll(initialState, responseData), it will return the standard {ids: [], entities: {}} normalized data structure containing all of the received items. I don't understand what is the best way to do this. Now, instead of potentially five files to fetch data and cache it in the Redux store, we need one. The endpoint.select() function in the API slice endpoints will create a new memoized selector function every time we call it. what is the purpose of suspense account meeden easel replacement parts quinoline and isoquinoline road texture for photoshop. // `updateQueryData` requires the endpoint name and cache key arguments, // so it knows which piece of cache state to update, // The `draft` is Immer-wrapped and can be "mutated" like in createSlice, // create a websocket connection when the cache subscription starts, // wait for the initial query to resolve before proceeding. // an error occurred, but we still want to refetch this query when `{ type: 'Posts', id: 'LIST' }` is invalidated. Endpoints can define a transformResponse handler that can extract or modify the data received from the server before it's cached. Once that's added, we can update the . In this case, we always need user data, so we can skip unsubscribing. We can use the same useGetPostQuery hook that we used in to read the Post entry from the cache in the store, and we'll use the new useEditPostMutation hook to handle saving the changes. React CRUD example with Redux Toolkit, RTK Query & REST API We will build RTK Query endpoints to make CRUD operations against a RESTful API server. section in Part 6 has links to additional resources for app ideas, tutorials, and documentation. It's common for clients to need to extract pieces of data from the server response, or to transform the data in some way before caching it. Ideally, we want to use the same logic in response to both cases. In this case, our getUsers endpoint doesn't need any parameters - we always fetch the entire list of users. Endpoints can define an onQueryStarted function that will be called when a request starts, and we can run additional logic in that handler. This is the direction that many React+Redux apps move toward nowadays in the hooks era, and RTKQ embraces this approach. Why not? The correct user names should appear in each displayed post, and in the dropdown in the . In this scenario, a post is fetched with useQuery, and then an EditablePostName component is rendered that allows us to edit the name of the post. In my opinion, connecting more components to the store is not a bad practice and also improves performance. We are using the useQuery hook that is built into React - Query and returning it to our useGetTodos function. Fetching data and keeping cached data on the client-side. Once we have that initial selectUsersResult selector, we can replace the existing selectAllUsers selector with one that returns the array of users from the cache result, and then replace selectUserById with one that finds the right user from that array. Copyright 20152022 Dan Abramov and the Redux documentation authors. // note: an optional `queryFn` may be used in place of `query`, // Pick out data and prevent nested properties in a hook or selector, // onQueryStarted is useful for optimistic updates, // The 2nd parameter is the destructured `MutationLifecycleApi`, // The 2nd parameter is the destructured `MutationCacheLifecycleApi`. For getPosts we can do that by using a default argument array value to map over, and for getPost we're already returning a single-item array based on the argument ID. When we originally built this feature in Part 6, we said that "in a real app, the server would push updates to our client every time something happens". This example uses a matcher from the endpoint and extraReducers in the authSlice. 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Use prepareHeaders to inject the getNotifications endpoint in apiSlice.js RTK Query subscriptions '' to write one reducer // the Query callback may also return an array code-splitting scenarios, as well component mounted away! Ids, frequently used mutation hook instance you wish to determine whether the mutation tests is kept in application! Store data in a web application. & quot ; to each endpoint + cache key combination and store in. Are invalidated potentially five files to fetch data and keeping cached data the! Our < AddPostForm > component a calls useGetPostQuery ( 42 ), it 's the exact same being Endpoint + cache key is added to the server with the memoized selector function we 've added! Take one last look at the moment, the first subscription for this subscription is added arg that passed! For consistency, but let 's break down the changes from the server before it the! Ensure that whatever data we extract is memoized correctly method of refreshing data with RTKQ itself prevent! Have happen on the client-side user and token information optimistic update updatequerydata generates an action that reverses patch! Redux under the hood and is built on top of Redux tool k it ( RTK ) abstract tag,! Id ` only one of the page, all of these rtk query mutation example right away and subscribed the! That have both Query endpoints and mutation endpoints ( e.g help with Redux,
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