Would one thing be better than another? According to the qualities of eternity and. Johnny Lee Plato versus Nietzsche The central ideas that two great philosophers, Plato and Friedrich Nietzsche, talked about were the reality and appearance; and what they mainly focused on is. In support of his argument, he appeals to scriptural passages such as Romans 6:9, which affirms that Christ "being raised from the dead dieth no more".[13]. "[24], Martin Heidegger points out that Nietzsche's first mention of eternal recurrence in The Gay Science presents this concept as a hypothetical question rather than postulating it as a fact. Save time and let our verified experts help you. Retrieved from https://phdessay.com/eternal-recurrence-by-nietzsche/, Hire skilled expert and get original paper in 3+ hours, Run a free check or have your essay done for you, Didn`t find the right sample? So that undermines eternal recurrence, because all outcomes and possibilities are real, in the larger space. This doctrine must be distinguished from the belief in the general periodicity of nature, according to which the main features . Let us help you get a good grade on your paper. Or I get stuck living forever (1 forever), which I see as almost certainly not possible. [38], The Poincar recurrence theorem states that certain dynamical systems, such as particles of gas in a sealed container, will return infinitely often to a state arbitrarily close to their original state. According to Porphyry, it was one of the teachings of Pythagoras (c.570 c.495 BC) that "after certain specified periods, the same events occur again" and that "nothing was entirely new". Especially now that I've figured out that there is no hope or way out. Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) was a German philosopher and cultural critic who published intensively in the 1870s and 1880s. [36] The revolution in Ouspensky's thoughts on recurrence the idea that change is possible took place after he became a disciple of the mystic George Gurdjieff, who taught that a person could achieve a higher state of consciousness through a system of strict self-discipline. The theory of Eternal Recurrence, which is also referred as Eternal Return, states that the world has been returning or recurring. For other uses, see, One rebuttal of Nietzsche's theory, put forward by his contemporary. Either you're not in control of yourself, in which case you may as well be watching a screen, or you can make different choices. Nietzsche: The Eternal Recurrence of the Same. Perhaps the most convincing arguments Nietzsche makes for the idea that God is either dead or does not exist is the idea that God is a creation of Western society,. number: 206095338, E-mail us: You might argue that the fact that we die debunks this, but of course it does not, as you never know if the is some kind of multiverse that might birth you, or any other consciousness generating/maintaining realities or loops. One might raise the problem whether the same time recurs, as some say, or not. Footnote 39 He continues, noting that this 'new description of reality [provides] instead of eternal life - the eternal recurrence it is the most . [15] Eduard von Hartmann argued that the universe's final state would be identical to the state in which it had begun; Eugen Dhring rejected this idea, claiming that it carried with it the necessary consequence that the universe would begin again, and that the same forms would repeat themselves eternally, a doctrine which Dhring viewed as dangerously pessimistic. If one could say Yes to eternal recurrencethe endless repetition of life in the exact same wayone could genuinely say Yes to life as it is. In ancient Greece, the concept of eternal return was most prominently associated with Stoicism, the school of philosophy founded by Zeno of Citium, although there are hints that the theory may in fact have originated with Pythagoras. The eternal recurrence is the ultimate affirmation of life, an eternal repetition of what constitutes existence in the present world. And again. You also might argue that we can never know for sure and I think that's right, I am not disputing that, but I argue my theory makes more sense. It suffices to project a light onto a black surface to convert it into heat. This turns out to be the case; although Ivan always knows in advance what the outcome of his actions will be, he is unable to keep himself from repeating those actions. Omissions? -- Never yield to remorse, but at once tell yourself: remorse would simply mean adding to the first act of stupidity a second. Did you know that we have over 70,000 essays on 3,000 topics in our Eternal return ( German: Ewige Wiederkunft; also known as eternal recurrence) is a concept that the universe and all existence and energy has been recurring, and will continue to recur in a self similar form an infinite number of times across infinite time or space. Augustine denies that this has reference to the recurrence of specific people, objects, and events, instead interpreting the passage in a more general sense. Time-Fetishes: The Secret History of Eternal Recurrence. Nietzsche, Frederich. He has a master's degree in interdisciplinary humanities, focused on philosophy and theory, and a graduate certificate in gender and women's studies. This being the case, all matter in the universe must pass through a finite number of combinations, and each series of combinations must eventually repeat in the same order, thereby creating "a circular movement of absolutely identical series". by contrast, the noble being without resentment, who wills the eternal recurrence of the same - a cyclical concept inherited from the ancient pythagoreans, empedocles, and especially heraclitus - resoundingly affirms all that ever was, is, and will be. The metaphysical comfort--with which, I am suggesting even now, every true tragedy leaves us--that life is at . Knowledge about the repetition of lives will add nothing for a man if he does not strive to change himself in order to escape this repetition. Origen also records a heterodox version of the doctrine, noting that some Stoics suggest that "there is a slight and very minute difference between one period and the events in the period before it". According to another philosopher in the name of Martin Heidegger, Nietzsche, though advocating the theory of eternal recurrence, did not really argue that such phenomenon has existed or is existent. //= $post_title Remorse. the eternal recurrence as something that is part of the objective structure of the universe, something like a law of nature. For example, a truly virtuous, life-loving person would be able to endure reliving his entire experience and mistakes over and over, with neither bitterness nor regret. When the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche referred to himself and the Anti-Christ, he was doing more than simply using a metaphor. ( idea) by lemuru. Eternal recurrence is the most significant and constant event of our lives. [7] The former point of view was attributed to the Stoic Chrysippus (c. 279 c. 206 BC) by Alexander of Aphrodisias, who wrote:[8]. I'm basically probably stuck in a pointless clown world, slowly going insane and suffering in the middle of eternity with no way out. Comparable to what Nietzsche argues about the eternal recurrence principle, Arthur Schopenhauer also has his own idea of eternal recurrence the same way as Nietzsches. If this is truly what's going on, then we live in a very limited time and thus a very unlikely time to find yourself in. The big bang is the big crunch. This life as you now live it and have lived it, you will have to live once more and innumerable times more; and there will be nothing new in it, but every pain and every joy and every thought and sigh and everything immeasurably small or. This idea of repetition is not the full and absolute truth, but it is the nearest possible approximation of the truth And if you understand why I do not speak of this, you will be still nearer to it. THE cyclical theory of time, which is better known under the name of the "theory of eternal recurrence," is usually associ-ated with certain ancient thinkers-in particular, Pythagoreans and Stoics. The term Eternal Recurrence was itself coined by Friedrich Nietzsche, who (while never suggesting this theory was true) adopted it as a thought experiment to test one's willpower. But what is true on Nietzsches philosophy is that he accepts and does not deny the idea of eternal recurrence or eternal return. database? ETERNAL RETURN "Eternal return" is the doctrine that every event in the universe, in all its details and in its whole cosmic context, will recur an infinite number of times in exactly the same way that it has already occurred an infinite number of times in the past. But according to a less Nietzschean but more optimistic principle, we can escape from this eternal recurrence with becoming enlightened. The eternal recurrence is a central notion of Nietzsche's thought. The idea of eternal recurrence is manifested through Nietzsches published works such as Thus Spoke Zarathustra and The Gay Science (Heidegger). Kaufmann, Walter, trans. This concept has been called many names, such as, Loop Theory, Eternity Return, Eternal Recurrence, Reincarnation and so on. Eternal return ( also known as eternal recurrence) is a theory that the universe and all existence and energy has been recurring, and will continue to recur, in a self-similar form an infinite number of times across infinite time or space. Lectori salutem. The "eternal return" is an idea for interpreting religious behavior proposed by the historian Mircea Eliade; it is a belief expressed through behavior (sometimes implicitly, but often explicitly) that one is able to become contemporary with or return to the "mythical age"the time when the events described in one's myths occurred.It should be distinguished from the philosophical concept of . ?>, Order original essay sample specially for your assignment needs, https://phdessay.com/eternal-recurrence-by-nietzsche/, Detailed Analysis on the Cinematography in the Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind Critique Essay, The True Eternal Love Is the Love of a Mother to Her Child, Paper on: Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, get custom This spectacle motivated Nietzsche to work on the possibility of eternal recurrence or eternal return. The theory of Eternal Recurrence, which is also referred as Eternal Return, states that the world has been returning or recurring. cite it. Friedrich Nietzsche. (2017, May 19). This ability began. The universe repeats eternally until a specific change in human consciousness is made. . This is the ongoing activity of all things, no matter how they differ, and so is important for us to understand and accept. It also portrays the subconscious tiredness of the labyrinth of life and a desire for death or rather moving out from the chain of sufferings, which will bring an end to everything: "Bury your doubts and fall asleep" 2. No person would claim that his life and his being recur the same way as they did before. However, in reincarnation, it is not the matter that recurs but the only the soul. The rise of science placed a strain on religions ability to retain its credence. University of California Press, 1997. I was a member of a Gurdjieff Work group over three decades ago, and I remember the reading of Collin's books being discouraged. This implies that whatever realities our world has in this particular times would be repeated indefinitely yet unknown to all in the same manner that they are represented to the world at this moment (Lowith). Having re-lived his life up to the point of his conversation with the magician, Ivan asks in despair whether there is any way of changing the past. Before him it was existent in presocratic movements such as the Pythagorians (6th century BC), as well as in some philosophical schools of the Hellenistic and Roman age. it would also mean that me being dead in the future is equally real in the exact same way as me being alive right Now is real. For more information, please see our He first brought it up in his book "The Gay Science," and returned to explore it more fully in "Thus Spoke Zarathustra." It was essentially an attempt to figure out an answer to the meaning of life, once and for all. In A New Model of the Universe, he argued against Nietzsche's proof of the mathematical necessity of eternal repetition, claiming that a large enough quantity of matter would be capable of an infinite number of possible combinations. Updates? The Stoics, possibly inspired by the Pythagoreans,[3] incorporated the theory of eternal recurrence into their natural philosophy. According to Heidegger, the significant point is the burden imposed by the question of eternal recurrence, regardless of whether or not such a thing could possibly be true. Substantial agreement exists that Nietzsche considered the eternal recurrence his most important teaching. Origen argued that the theory was incompatible with free will (although he did allow the possibility of diverse and non-identical cycles). It also implies human helplessness in preventing the repetition of loneliness, birth, and pain. But Nietzsche succeeded presenting his full conception on the thought of eternal recurrence on the foremost book. 1 the liberation from the spirit of revenge, the reconciliation of man and the world, could In a fragment preserved by Simplicius, Eudemus writes:[2]. Nietzsche's eternal recurrence is a response to the death of God, to which one must decide between the nihilism of the ascetic ideal, and the affirmation of life of the bermensch. Examines and builds on the central themes associated with Professor Rock's work - social and criminological theory, policy development and policy-making, and victims and victimology Everything that is, will repeat and recur ad infinitum. [30] In one of his unpublished notes, Nietzsche writes: "The question which thou wilt have to answer before every deed that thou doest: 'is this such a deed as I am prepared to perform an incalculable number of times?' This is a difficult insight for me put into text. This is what Nietzsche calls eternal recurrence. Und Nietzsche mit seiner Theorie der ewigen Wiederkehr. Zermelo's paradox was a criticism of Ludwig Boltzmann's H-Theorem, the attempt to derive the increasing entropy required by the second law of thermodynamics from basic classical dynamics. The term Eternal Recurrence was itself coined by Friedrich Nietzsche, who, while never suggesting this theory was true, adopted it as a thought experiment to test one's willpower. Eternal return (also known as eternal recurrence) is a theory that the universe and all existence and energy has been recurring, and will continue to recur, in a self-similar form an infinite number of times across infinite time or space.-----Interesting quote from the movie K-Pax. It is that which shall be done: and there is no new thing under the sun. Lowith, Karl. Nietzsche was pretty invested in this question, which he called "Eternal Recurrence," or eternal return. No one would really know or confirm if particular things or event shad already happened in the past and just recurring. This implies that whatever realities our world has in this particular times would be repeated indefinitely yet unknown to all in the same manner that they are represented to the world at this moment (Lowith). essay. Check 'eternal recurrence' translations into German. A slight look at his work reveals that practically. Or have you once experienced a tremendous moment when you would have answered him: "You are a god and never have I heard anything more divine. 2. "[31] Taken in this sense, the doctrine has been seen as comparable to the categorical imperative of Immanuel Kant. Privacy Policy. "Stoic Natural Philosophy (Physics and Cosmology)", "On the Individuation of Times and Events in Orthodox Stoicism", "The Eternal Return: Genesis and Interpretation", "Note sur Nietzsche et Lange: 'le retour ternel', "Eternal Recurrence and the Laws of Manu", "General Relativity and the Eternal Return", "The Symplectic Camel and Poincar Superrecurrence: Open Problems", The Singular Universe and the Reality of Time, Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eternal_return&oldid=1111765543, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia introduction cleanup from March 2022, Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from March 2022, All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 22 September 2022, at 20:02. HarperCollins, 1985. He calls it the "fundamental conception" of Zarathustra, which he celebrates as "the highest book there is also the deepest, born out of the innermost wealth of truth" (EH III, Z 1; P 4).And he identifies himself in a special way with its teaching when summing up his . This concept has been called many names, such as, Loop Theory, Eternity Return, Eternal Recurrence, Reincarnation and so on. The last theme in Nietzsche's philosophy is eternal recurrence. [18], Nietzsche may have drawn upon a number of sources in developing his own formulation of the theory. At the center of Nietzsche's philosophy is the idea of eternal return the ultimate embrace of responsibility that comes from accepting the consequences, good or bad, of one's willful action. I have been asked many times as to why, in my opinion, the Eternal Return Model as elucidated i n ITLAD has a greater evolutionary and developmental logic than the classic model of reincarnation. On the other hand, Origen (c. 185 c. 253 AD) characterises the Stoics as claiming that the contents of each cycle will not be identical, but only indistinguishable:[9]. The most famous among those who have tried to re-vive this theory in the modern era is unquestionably Friedrich Nietzsche. Abide, moment!' Eternal recurrence is one of the central concepts of the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche (18441900). Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Fate can't be viewed beforehand, because you can make choices. If no knowledge of the previous life is carried forward then there is . As Hollingdale has noted, 'Nietzsche arrived at the theory of the Eternal Recurrence as a consequence of two requirements; the need to explain the world and the need to accept it'. It is noteworthy that Schopenhauer does not include time but merely explaining eternal recurrence as a physical concept. What is the eternal return theory? In Ecce Homo, he states: "I now wish to relate the history of Zarathustra. [27] The proof is based upon the premise that the universe is infinite in duration, but contains a finite quantity of energy.
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