Karate does not attempt to have tests be in natural language like how Cucumber tests are traditionally expected to be. useful to scrape text out of non-JSON or non-XML text sources such as HTML, like the above, but returns a list of text-matches. sportName: '#string', One of these is the use of a Gherkin file, which describes the tested feature. JavaScript Functions are also native. As a rule of thumb, prefer match over assert, because match failure messages are more detailed and descriptive. Heres how it works for XML: This comes in useful in some cases - and avoids needing to use the set keyword or JavaScript functions to manipulate JSON. { More examples of Java interop and how to invoke custom code can be found in the section on Calling Java. Variables can be referred to within JSON, for example: So the rule is - if a string value within a JSON (or XML) object declaration is enclosed between #( and ) - it will be evaluated as a JavaScript expression. Karate provides a far more simpler and more powerful way than JSON-schema to validate the structure of a given payload. This is exactly like match == but the order of arrays does not matter. The following parameters are supported: For end-to-end examples in the Karate demos, look at the files in this folder. This example also shows how you can use a custom placeholder format instead of the default: Refer to this file for a detailed example: replace.feature.
Karate API automation | Cucumber Reporting | Parallel execution - Medium You can also find a nice visual comparison and explanation here. foo: 'hello', In rare cases you may want to use a csv-file as-is and not auto-convert it to JSON. _ >= 0', Note that #present and #notpresent only make sense when you are matching within a JSON or XML context or using a JsonPath or XPath on the left-hand-side. 3) Go to TestRunner.java file created in the step above and run it as JUnit Test. How to call custom Java code in karate API tests? You can perform database validations with karate by following the below steps. The Cucumber JSON format can be also emitted, which gives you plenty of options for generating pretty reports using third-party maven plugins. This is especially useful when capturing screenshots during tests and comparing against baseline images that are known to be correct. to save space and speed up report loading), * configure imageComparison = { hideUiOnSuccess, # ignore areas of an image (e.g. Also look at the demo examples, especially dynamic-params.feature - to compare the above approach with how the Cucumber Scenario Outline: can be alternatively used for data-driven tests. It consists of the diamond-shaped Singapore Island and some 60 small islets; the main island occupies all but about 18 square miles of this combined area. If you face issues such as class not found, just pull in the karate-core dependency, and use the all classifier in your pom.xml (or build.gradle). { id: 23, name: 'Bob' }, for (var n in nums) { But there is an elegant way you can specify a default value using the karate.get() API: A word of caution: we recommend that you should not over-use Karates capability of being able to re-use features. Also refer to this demo example for a working example of multipart file uploads: upload.feature. The value column can take expressions, even XML chunks. In such cases, the function can do nothing or return an empty JSON. Notice that in the above example, string values within the table need to be enclosed in quotes. Gherkin has a great way to sprinkle meta-data into test-scripts - which gives you some interesting options when running tests in bulk. This mechanism works by calling configure cookies behind the scenes and if you need to stop auto-adding cookies for future requests, just do this: Also refer to the built-in variable responseCookies for how you can access and perform assertions on cookie data values. env which is a global variable. If you are looking for Cucumber hooks Karate does not support them, mainly because they depend on Java code, which goes against the Karate Way. The Runner.Builder API has a dryRun() method to switch this on. to customize configuration output), Array of rectangles that should be ignored during image comparison, Resemble ignore preset. Shinwa-Kai Karate Club (Singapore) is founded in 1997 by Shihan Richard Ng, 7th Dan Black-Belt, NROC Master Coach & National Coach of Singapore. If you want to pretty print a JSON or XML value with indenting, refer to the documentation of the print keyword. 82 lines (69 sloc) 3.06 KB. Even Java interop and access to the karate JS API would work. Look at multipart entity for an example. Any Karate expression can be used in the cell expression, and you can even use Java-interop to use external data-sources such as a database. This is convenient for complex nested payloads where you are sure that you only want to check for some values in the various trees of data. Instead you would typically use the match keyword, that is designed for performing powerful assertions against JSON and XML response payloads. This applies to JS functions as well: These heavily commented demo examples can help you understand shared scope better, and are designed to get you started with creating re-usable sign-in or authentication flows: Once you get comfortable with Karate, you can consider moving your authentication flow into a global one-time flow using karate.callSingle(), think of it as callonce on steroids. What sort of strategies would a medieval military use against a fantasy giant? Read the documentation of the stand-alone JAR for more - such as how you can even install custom command-line applications using jbang ! returns the operating system details as JSON, for e.g. Karate was based on Cucumber-JVM until version 0.8.0 but the parser and engine were re-written from scratch in 0.9.0 onwards. Karate is built on top of Cucumber, another BDD testing framework, and shares some of the same concepts. They seamlessly fit in-line within your test script. This approach can certainly enable product-owners or domain-experts who are not programmer-folk, to review, and even collaborate on test-scenarios and scripts. Karates capabilities include being able to run tests in parallel, HTML reports and compatibility with Continuous Integration tools. Finally, using karate.response.header(name) can be simpler to just get a header value string by name, and it will ignore-case for the name passed as the argument: You would normally only need to use the status keyword. It is the opinion of the author of Karate that true BDD is un-necessary over-kill for API testing, and this is explained more in this answer on Stack Overflow. var date = new java.util.Date(); bar: 'world' } If you read from a file, the advantage is that multiple scripts can re-use the same data. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Note that embedded expressions will be evaluated even when you read() from a JSON or XML file. You can use this to assert that it was returned within the expected time like so: Karate will attempt to parse the raw HTTP response body as JSON or XML and make it available as the response value.
Run Gradle Cucumber Tests from Command Line - QA Automation Expert To run only a single scenario, append the line number on which the scenario is defined, de-limited by :.
Testing a Java Spring Boot REST API with Karate - Semaphore Here are the rules Karate uses on bootstrap (before every Scenario or Examples row in a Scenario Outline): Advanced users who build frameworks on top of Karate have the option to supply a karate-base.js file that Karate will look for on the classpath:. Here is an example: testCompile 'com.intuit.karate:karate-junit5:1.3.1', systemProperty "karate.options", System.properties.getProperty("karate.options"), systemProperty "karate.env", System.properties.getProperty("karate.env"), "ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter", // don't waste time waiting for a connection or if servers don't respond within 5 seconds, # steps here are executed before each Scenario in this file, # variables defined here will be 'global' to all scenarios, # and will be re-initialized before every scenario, # assigning a number (you can use '*' instead of Given / When / Then). What is even more interesting is that expressions can refer to variables: And functions work as well ! You can still perform string comparisons such as a match contains and look for error messages etc. Multi-values are supported the way you would expect (e.g. So if you return complex objects such as a custom Java instance or a JS function that depends on complex objects, this may cause issues when you run in parallel.
On the other hand, if you are expecting a variable in the Background to be modified by one Scenario so that later ones can see the updated value - that is not how you should think of them, and you should combine your flow into one scenario. You have to repeat the Examples section for each tag. Normally an undefined variable results in nasty JavaScript errors. Important: If you attempt to build a URL in the form ?myparam=value by using path the ? A few points to note: Note that only variables and configuration settings will be passed. Create Karate API Test Script( Feature File ) - TestingDocs.com If you are just trying to pre-define schema snippets to use in a fuzzy-match, you can use enclosed Javascript to suppress the default behavior of replacing placeholders. ZenWave Karate IDE - Visual Studio Marketplace Do new devs get fired if they can't solve a certain bug? You can even create (or modify existing) JSON arrays by using multiple columns. The example below combines this with the advanced features described above. You can also sort arrays of arbitrary JSON using karate.sort(). Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide, Thanks @peter-thomas for the hints. This can be easily achieved with the following tweak to your maven section. We will use karate.properties [user.dir] which will automatically pick users working directory and then append it to the path of our project files. Type the following commands: mvn spring-boot:run & mvn test -Dtest=KarateTests. This is useful because the moment you use a wildcard [*] or search filter in JsonPath (see the next section), you get an array back - even though typically you would only be interested in the first item. If you really need to have an empty body, you can use an empty string as shown below, and you can force the right Content-Type header by using the header keyword. Comprehensive support for different flavors of HTTP calls: You can easily choose features and tags to run and compose test-suites in a very flexible manner. { id: 42, name: 'Wild' } Test data can be within the main flow itself, which makes scripts highly readable. And you can mix API and UI test-automation within the same test script. Note that the path resets after any HTTP request is made but not the url. For e.g. } if you acquired a string from some external source, or if you generated JSON (or XML) by concatenating text or using replace, you may want to convert a string to JSON and vice-versa. For example look at how creator has been defined in the Background in this example, and used later in a call statement. Especially since strings can be easily coerced to numbers (and vice-versa) in Javascript, you can combine built-in validators with the self-validation predicate form like this: '#number? In the feature below, the * print 'in setup' step will run only once. The special tag @report=false can be used, and it can even be used only for a single Scenario: In cases where you want to mask values which are sensitive from a security point of view from the output files, logs and HTML reports, you can implement the HttpLogModifier and tell Karate to use it via the configure keyword. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. } Here is how you can pass data from one feature file another. For Gradle, you simply specify the test which is to be include-d: The big drawback of the approach above is that you cannot run tests in parallel. get metadata about the currently executing feature within a test, functional-style filter operation useful to filter list-like objects (e.g. We just need to follow the Karate DSL syntax. In real-life tests, these are very useful when the order of items in arrays returned from the server are not guaranteed. Note that karate.signal() (described as part of the listen keyword) will be called internally and the listenResult will be the payload contents of the selected message. Mac: Cmd+V. If a file does not end in .json, .xml, .yaml, .js, .csv or .txt, it is treated as a stream - which is typically what you would need for multipart file uploads. { The name of the SOAP action specified is used as the SOAPAction header. id: '#regex[0-9]+', Observe how using JSON for parameter-passing makes things super-readable. In cases where the data-source needs multiple steps, for e.g. return jd.doWork(arg); For every HTTP request made from Karate, the internal flow is as follows: This makes setting up of complex authentication schemes for your test-flows really easy. In other words, { a: 1, b: null } is considered equal to { a: 1 } and { a: 1, b: '##null' } will match both cases. Now, since this Karate Framework is using the Runner file, which also is needed in Cucumber to run the feature files, so most of the writing will follow the Cucumber standards. # but using karate.range() you can even do this ! Only one JSON argument is allowed, but this does not limit you in any way as you can use any complex JSON structure. To signal the end of the data, just return null. entityState: "ACTIVE" XML and XPath works just like youd expect. There is no concept of a default where for e.g. Reading files is achieved using the built-in JavaScript function called read(). So you can do things like right-click and run a *.feature file (or scenario) without needing to use a JUnit runner. It may be easier for you to use the Karate Maven archetype to create a skeleton project with one command. This is super-useful for re-use and data-driven tests. But first, a special short-cut for array validation needs to be introduced: This in-line short-cut for validating JSON arrays is similar to how match each works. For example you can get a nice feature coverage report, provided you have a rich set of tags. to avoid constant failures due to loading animations), """ Run All Karate Tests. } Go to Folder src/test/java in your project.Creating The First Basic Karate Test Script. Another example for a popular Maven reporting plugin that is compatible with Karate JSON is Cluecumber. You can adjust configuration settings for the HTTP client used by Karate using this keyword. name: Smith Other options are the quickstart or the standalone executable. function (customConfigJson, config) { Note that if you did not need to inject Examples: into placeholders enclosed within < and >, reading from a file with the extension *.txt may have been sufficient. Observe how you can match the result of a JsonPath expression with your expected data. There are examples of calling JVM classes in the section on Java Interop and in the file-upload demo. Karates approach frees you from Maven, is far more expressive, allows you to eyeball all environments in one place, and is still a plain-text file. But one pattern that you should be aware of is that JSON is actually a great data-structure for looking up data. var SimpleDateFormat = Java.type('java.text.SimpleDateFormat'); When you use Karate, all your data assertions can be done in pure JSON and without needing a thick forest of companion Java objects. input: { With this, we will execute our test cases in parallel format. We can define each scenario with a useful tag. Unlike other BDD frameworks like Cucumber, Specflow or JBehave, Karate has all the step definitions written for us so we dont have to worry about writing them. function(arg) { This is especially useful when you want to maintain passwords, secrets or even URL-s specific for your local dev environment. The default setting for the max retry-attempts is 3 with a poll interval of 3000 milliseconds (3 seconds). OR: To run every feature that has either of the @F1 and @F2 tags (runs both) {@F1,@F2}, Combining OR and AND: To run feature that has either of @F1,@F2,@F3 tags but not @F4 tag. How to run feature files in parallel-using Karate test automation But you can easily achieve any complex logic by using the JS API. When multipart content is involved, the Content-Type header of the HTTP request defaults to multipart/form-data. Here is a summary of what the different shapes mean in Karate: There is no need to prefix variable names with $ on the left-hand-side of match statements because it is implied. The variable state after feature execution would be returned as a Map. This has the advantage that you can use pure JsonPath and be more concise. You can lock down the fact that you only want to execute the single JUnit class that functions as a test-suite - by using the following maven-surefire-plugin configuration: Note how the karate.options can be specified using the configuration. This can be really convenient, for example to never run some tests in a certain production like or sensitive environment. You can read more about the Given-When-Then convention at the Cucumber reference documentation. Although all properties in the passed JSON-like argument are unpacked into the current scope as separate named variables, it sometimes makes sense to access the whole argument and this can be done via __arg. }, But we recommend that you do this only if you are sure that these routines are needed in almost all *.feature files. String interpolation will support variables in scope and / or the Examples (including functions defined globally, but not functions defined in the background). But take a look at how Karate can loop over a *.feature file for each object in a JSON array - which gives you dynamic data-driven testing, if you need it. name: 'John', REST testing based on Karate framework - JazzTeam id: 1 Typically you would examine the value property as in the example above, but domain and path are also available. Karate-config.js, Is it possible to run java method after every karate scenario? All the fuzzy matching markers will work in XML as well. And most importantly - you can run tests in parallel without having to depend on third-party hacks that introduce code-generation and config bloat into your pom.xml or build.gradle. Singapore | Facts, Geography, History, & Points of Interest Note that you can even include calls to a database from Karate using Java interop. Valid options are, Resemble option to ignore a specific color, Resemble option to override preset tolerances for color and brightness, SSIM grayscale algorithm. And in case we have multiple Gatling simulation files and we want to choose only one to run, we may use the following command. We can execute the scenarios in the feature file using maven (which is useful to run the tests in a CI environment) import com. Karate tool provides you with the step definitions. intuit. The documentation on how to run tests via the command line has an example of how to use tags to decide which tests to not run (or ignore). In real-life scripts, you would typically also use this capability of Karate to configure headers where the specified JavaScript function uses the variables that result from a sign in to manipulate headers for all subsequent HTTP requests. Can Martian regolith be easily melted with microwaves? Name the file as javadsl.java and run using the command: jbang javadsl.java. You need to use karate.toJava() to wrap JS functions passed to custom Java code. This demonstrates a Java Maven + JUnit 5 project set up to test a Spring Boot app. The examples above are simple, but a variety of expression shapes are supported on the right hand side of the = symbol. If you are trying to build dynamic URLs including query-string parameters in the form: http://myhost/some/path?foo=bar&search=true - please refer to the param keyword. when a string coming from an external process is dynamic - and whether it is JSON or XML is not known in advance, see, get the value of a variable by name (or JsonPath expression), if not found - this returns, returns only the keys of a map-like object, log to the same logger (and log file) being used by the parent process, logging can be suppressed with, access to the Karate logger directly and log in debug. If you want to use JUnit 4, use the karate-junit4 Maven dependency instead of karate-junit5 . Note that all the short-cut forms on the right-side of the table resolve to equality (==) matches, which enables them to be in-lined into a full (single-step) payload match, using embedded expressions. Requirement: Open a feature file in VSCode Editor and ensure a line associated with a test has cursor focus. Karate is quite flexible, and provides multiple options for you to evolve patterns that fit your environment, as you can see here: xml.feature. First the JavaScript file, basic-auth.js: And heres how it works in a test-script using the header keyword. Raw Blame. The function argument is the row-index, so you can easily determine when to stop the generation of data. This is just to reduce confusion for users new to Karate who tend to do * def request = {} and expect the request body or similarly, the url to be set. After "@" you can have any relevant . // so now the txid_header would be a unique uuid for each request, // hard coded here, but also can be as dynamic as you want, // use the 'karate' helper to do a 'safe' get of a 'dynamic' variable, // the 'appId' variable here is expected to have been set via karate-config.js (bootstrap init) and will never change, # second HTTP call, to get a list of 'projects', # if foo is not defined, it will default to 42. convenient way to execute an OS specific command and return the console output e.g. Billie You can call send() on the returned object to send a message. Run Karate Test with JUnit5 - TestingDocs.com Use the classpath: prefix to load from the classpath instead. The above example can be made more simpler with the use of call (or callonce) without a def-assignment to a variable, and is the recommended pattern for implementing re-usable authentication setup flows. "a": 1, } So now, complex payloads (that include arrays) can easily be validated in one step by combining validation markers like so: Especially note the re-use of the oddSchema both as an embedded-expression and as an array validation (on the last line). It can be easily inspected or used in expressions. You can even mix domain and conditional validations and perform all assertions in a single step. You can even initialize the JSON in a separate step and pass it by name, especially if it is complex. 11 Is it easy to create a karate framework? So it is recommended that you directly use a Java Function when possible instead of using the karate.toJava() wrapper as shown above. And for dealing with binary content - see bytes. karate.appendTo(keys, x); By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy.